Related papers: On single-photon wave function
In this paper we present a theory of Singlet Quantum Hall Effect (SQHE). We show that the Halperin-Haldane SQHE wave function can be written in the form of a product of a wave function for charged semions in a magnetic field and a wave…
Let K be a compact Lie group, endowed with a bi-invariant Riemannian metric. The complexification G of K inherits a Kaehler structure having twice the kinetic energy of the metric as its potential, and left and right translation turn the…
A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…
Application of Krein space quantization to the linear gravity in de Sitter space-time have constructed on Gupta-Bleuler vacuum state, resulting in removal of infrared divergence and preserving de Sitter covariant. By pursuing this path, the…
In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal distribution of the photon electric field produced by the scattering of a single photon narrow pulse from a system of two identical qubits coupled to continuum modes in a one-dimensional (1D) open…
The theory of gauge-fixed Maxwell equations in linear isotropic dielectrics is developed using a generalisation of the standard $R_\xi$ gauge-fixing term. In static space-times, the theory can be quantised using the Gupta-Bleuler method,…
We demonstrate that a single-photon field modulated with n different pseudorandom phase sequences (PPSs) can constitute a 2^n-dimensional Hilbert space that contains tensor product structure. By using the single photon field modulated with…
A four-dimensional photon polarization space, such that gives a different interpretation of the ladder operators for the time-like degree comparing to the Gupta-Bleuler formulation is presented. This interpretation, coming from the…
1-loop quantum corrections are shown to induce large effects on the refraction index n inside a graphene strip in the presence of an external magnetic field B orthogonal to it. To this purpose, we use the tools of Quantum Field Theory to…
Respecting that any consistent quantum field theory in curved space-time must include black hole radiation, in this paper, we examine the Krein-Gupta-Bleuler (KGB) formalism as an inevitable quantization scheme in order to follow the…
We study a superposed weak coherent state that can fundamentally mimic an ideal single photon not only with respect to the number of photons but also in terms of an indeterminate phase. It is close to the single-photon state with high…
1-loop quantum corrections are shown to induce large effects on the refraction index $n$ inside a graphene strip in the presence of an external magnetic field $B$ orthogonal to it. To this purpose, we use the tools of Quantum Field Theory…
We study the coherent scattering process of a single photon confined in an one-dimensional (1D) coupled cavity-array, where a $\Lambda$-type three-level atom is placed inside one of the cavities in the array and behaves as a functional…
In this paper, we have proposed the spinor wave equation of free and non-free photon. On this basis, we given the spin operators and spin wave functions of photon, and calculated the wave function of photon in vacuum and medium. In…
Well defined quantum field theory (QFT) for the electroweak force including quantum electrodynamics (QED) and the weak force is obtained by considering natural unitary representations of a group $K\subset U(2,2)$, where $K$ is locally…
One and two photon wave functions are derived by projecting the quantum state vector onto simultaneous eigenvectors of the number operator and a recently constructed photon position operator [Phys. Rev A 59, 954 (1999)] that couples spin…
We perform consistently the Gupta-Bleuler quantization combined with Dirac procedure for a chiral boson with the parameter ($\alpha$) on the circle, the boundary of the circular droplet. For $\alpha =1$, we obtain the holomorphic…
This paper is devoted to the theory of quantum electromagnetic field in an optically dense medium. Self-consistent equations describing interaction between a quantum field and a quantum dielectric medium are obtained from the first…
It is shown that a broad class of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) problems - which consider the resonant propagation of a single photon interacting with quantum emitters (QEs), such as atoms, quantum dots, or vacancy centers - can be…
We obtain and investigate the regular eigenfunctions of simple differential operators x^r d^{r+1}/dx^{r+1}, r=1, 2, ... with the eigenvalues equal to one. With the help of these eigenfunctions we construct a non-unitary analogue of boson…