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As a versatile AI application, voice assistants (VAs) have become increasingly popular, but are vulnerable to security threats. Attackers have proposed various inaudible attacks, but are limited by cost, distance, or LoS. Therefore, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chao Liu , Zhezheng Zhu , Hao Chen , Kaiwen Guo , Penghao Wang , Xiang-Yang Li

We propose a new class of signal injection attacks on microphones by physically converting light to sound. We show how an attacker can inject arbitrary audio signals to a target microphone by aiming an amplitude-modulated light at the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Takeshi Sugawara , Benjamin Cyr , Sara Rampazzi , Daniel Genkin , Kevin Fu

This paper investigates the privacy leakage of smart speakers under an encrypted traffic analysis attack, referred to as voice command fingerprinting. In this attack, an adversary can eavesdrop both outgoing and incoming encrypted voice…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Chenggang Wang , Sean Kennedy , Haipeng Li , King Hudson , Gowtham Atluri , Xuetao Wei , Wenhai Sun , Boyang Wang

Replay speech attacks pose a significant threat to voice-controlled systems, especially in smart environments where voice assistants are widely deployed. While multi-channel audio offers spatial cues that can enhance replay detection…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Michael Neri , Tuomas Virtanen

Due to the openness of the wireless medium, smartphone users are susceptible to user privacy attacks, where user privacy information is inferred from encrypted Wi-Fi wireless traffic. Existing attacks are limited to recognizing mobile apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yong Huang , Zhibo Dong , Xiaoguang Yang , Dalong Zhang , Qingxian Wang , Zhihua Wang

Modern optical mouse sensors, with their advanced precision and high responsiveness, possess an often overlooked vulnerability: they can be exploited for side-channel attacks. This paper introduces Mic-E-Mouse, the first-ever side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohamad Fakih , Rahul Dharmaji , Youssef Mahmoud , Halima Bouzidi , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

This work explores backdoor attacks for automatic speech recognition systems where we inject inaudible triggers. By doing so, we make the backdoor attack challenging to detect for legitimate users, and thus, potentially more dangerous. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Stefanos Koffas , Jing Xu , Mauro Conti , Stjepan Picek

With recent advances in autonomous driving, Voice Control Systems have become increasingly adopted as human-vehicle interaction methods. This technology enables drivers to use voice commands to control the vehicle and will be soon available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Jiwei Guan , Xi Zheng , Chen Wang , Yipeng Zhou , Alireza Jolfa

Acoustic eavesdropping is a privacy risk, but existing attacks rarely work in real outdoor situations where people make phone calls on the move. We present SuperEar, the first portable system that uses acoustic metamaterials to reliably…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Zhiyuan Ning , Zhanyong Tang , Juan He , Weizhi Meng , Yuntian Chen , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang

The ubiquity of smartphones, and their very broad capabilities and usage, make the security of these devices tremendously important. Unfortunately, despite all progress in security and privacy mechanisms, vulnerabilities continue to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Mohammad Ghafari , Pascal Gadient , Oscar Nierstrasz

It is known that malware can leak data from isolated, air-gapped computers to nearby smartphones using ultrasonic waves. However, this covert channel requires access to the smartphone's microphone, which is highly protected in Android OS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Mordechai Guri

With the digital breakthrough, smart phones have become very essential component. Mobile devices are very attractive attack surface for cyber thieves as they hold personal details (accounts, locations, contacts, photos) and have potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Shweta Bhandari , Wafa Ben Jaballah , Vineeta Jain , Vijay Laxmi , Akka Zemmari , Manoj Singh Gaur , Mohamed Mosbah , Mauro Conti

System auditing on Android faces two problems. First, existing syscall tracers lose events under load, silently overwriting entries faster than a user space reader can drain them. Second, security-relevant application behavior is mediated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Simon Althaus , Nikolaos Alexopoulos , Max Mühlhäuser , Christian Reuter , Ephraim Zimmer

Deep learning has shown its power in many applications, including object detection in images, natural-language understanding, and speech recognition. To make it more accessible to end users, many deep learning models are now embedded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Yujin Huang , Han Hu , Chunyang Chen

Wearable devices such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and blood-pressure monitors process, store, and communicate sensitive and personal information related to the health, life-style, habits and interests of the wearer. This data is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ludovic Barman , Alexandre Dumur , Apostolos Pyrgelis , Jean-Pierre Hubaux

Sound at frequencies above (ultrasonic) or below (infrasonic) the range of human hearing can, in some settings, cause adverse physiological and psychological effects to individuals. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Matt Wixey , Shane Johnson , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Android OS supports multiple communication methods between apps. This opens the possibility to carry out threats in a collaborative fashion, c.f. the Soundcomber example from 2011. In this paper we provide a concise definition of collusion…

Smartphones, the devices we carry everywhere with us, are being heavily tracked and have undoubtedly become a major threat to our privacy. As "tracking the trackers" has become a necessity, various static and dynamic analysis tools have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Jagdish Prasad Achara , Vincent Roca , Claude Castelluccia , Aurelien Francillon

Side-channel attacks on mobile devices have gained increasing attention since their introduction in 2007. While traditional side-channel attacks, such as power analysis attacks and electromagnetic analysis attacks, required physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Raphael Spreitzer , Veelasha Moonsamy , Thomas Korak , Stefan Mangard

The Android system manages access to sensitive APIs by permission enforcement. An application (app) must declare proper permissions before invoking specific Android APIs. However, there is no official documentation providing the complete…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Chaoran Li , Xiao Chen , Ruoxi Sun , Jason Xue , Sheng Wen , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Yang Xiang