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Any metric theory of gravity whose interaction with quantum particles is described by a covariant wave equation is equivalent to a vector theory that satisfies Maxwell-type equations identically. This result does not depend on any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-30 Giorgio Papini

It has been said that Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic field is relativistic as Einstein showed that these axioms of Maxwell are all Lorentz invariant. We investigate some issues regarding these results.

General Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Akira Kanda , Renata Wong , Mihai Prunescu

In December 1907, Minkowski expressed the Maxwell equations in the very beautiful and compact 4-dimensional form: lor f=-s, lor F^*=0. Here `lor', an abbreviation of Lorentz, represents the 4-dimensional differential operator. We study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Friedrich W. Hehl

In this paper it is introduced and studied an alternative theory of gravitation in flat Minkowski space. Using an antisymmetric tensor, which is analogous to the tensor of electromagnetic field, a non-linear connection is introduced. It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-17 Kostadin Trencevski , Emilija G. Celakoska , Vladimir Balan

Relativistic theory of the Cox's scalar not point-like particle with intrinsic structure is developed on the background of arbitrary curved space-time. It is shown that in the most general form, the extended Proca-like tensor first order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-11 O. V. Veko , K. V. Kazmerchuk , E. M. Ovsiyuk , V. V. Kisel , V. M. Red'kov

Since the appearance of General Relativity, its intrinsec general covariance has been very often misinterpreted as implying that physically meaningful quantitities (and conclusions extracted from the theory) have to be absolutely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-20 L. Herrera

The equivalence of a conformal metric on 4-dimensional space-time and a local field of 3-dimensional subspaces of the space of 2-forms over space-time is discussed and the basic notion of transection is introduced. Corresponding relation is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Tertychniy

The geometry of N=1 supersymmetric double field theory is revisited in superspace. In order to maintain the constraints on the torsion tensor, the local tangent space group of O(D) x O(D) must be expanded to include a tower of higher…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-16 Daniel Butter

The geometric foundations of General Relativity are revisited, with particular attention to its gauge invariance, as a key to understanding the true nature of spacetime. Beyond the common image of spacetime as a deformable 'fabric' filling…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-17 Jaume de Haro , Emilio Elizalde

We classify higher-order Maxwell-Einstein theories linear in the curvature tensor and quadratic in the derivatives of the electromagnetic field strength whose kinetic matrices are degenerate. This provides a generalisation of quadratic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-26 Aimeric Colléaux , Karim Noui

General covariance is a crucial notion in the study of field theories in curved spacetime. A field theory defined with respect to a semi-Riemannian metric is generally covariant if two metrics which are related by a diffeomorphism produce…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Filip Dul

A century after its formulation by Einstein, it is time to incorporate special relativity early in the physics curriculum. The approach advocated here employs a simple algebraic extension of vector formalism that generates Minkowski…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-09-08 William E. Baylis

We consider "unphysical", kinematic observables that do not commute with the constraints of a gauge system in the context of an extension of the system. We show that these observables, while not predictable, can nevertheless be said to have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-04 Frank Hellmann

Rovelli's relational interpretation of quantum mechanics tells us that the description of a system in the formalism of quantum mechanics is not an absolute, but it is relative to the observer itself. The interpretation goes further and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Pietro Dall'Olio , José A. Zapata

We give a closed expression for the Minkowski (1+1)-dimensional metric in the radar coordinates of an arbitrary non-inertial observer O in terms of O's proper acceleration. Knowledge of the metric allows the non-inertial observer to perform…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Minguzzi

The Palatini formulation is used to develop a genuine connection theory for general relativity, in which the gravitational field is represented by a Lorentz-valued spin connection. The existence of a tetrad field, given by the Fock-Ivanenko…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Aldrovandi , H. I. Arcos , J. G. Pereira

A modified version of relational quantum mechanics is developed based on the three following ideas. An observer can develop an internally consistent description of the universe but it will, of necessity, differ in particulars from the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 B. K. Jennings

The quantum theory of ur objects postulates that all existing physical objects and their properties are constructed from fundamental objects called ur objects being described by an element of a two dimensional complex Hilbert space. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-01 Martin Kober

The questions of describing observables and observation in quantum gravity appear to be centrally important to its physics. A relational approach holds significant promise, and a classification of different types of relational observables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-13 Steven B. Giddings

We consider the conformal group of a space of dim n=p+q, with SO(p,q) metric. The quotient of this group by its homogeneous Weyl subgroup gives a principal fiber bundle with 2n-dim base manifold and Weyl fibers. The Cartan generalization to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-03 James T Wheeler