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Related papers: Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer…

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Motivated by the report of a possible new planetary member of the Solar System, this work calculates cross sections for interactions between passing stars and this proposed Planet Nine. Evidence for the new planet is provided by the orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-25 Gongjie Li , Fred C. Adams

There is a long-standing debate regarding the origin of the terrestrial planets' water as well as the hydrated C-type asteroids. Here we show that the inner Solar System's water is a simple byproduct of the giant planets' formation. Giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-05 Sean N. Raymond , Andre Izidoro

Wide-orbit exoplanets are starting to be detected, and planetary formation models are under development to understand their properties. We propose a population of "Oort" planets around other stars, forming by a mechanism analogous to how…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-06 Nora Bailey , Daniel Fabrycky

Gas giant planets are far easier than terrestrial planets to detect around other stars, and are thought to form much more quickly than terrestrial planets. Thus, in systems with giant planets, the late stages of terrestrial planet formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sean N. Raymond

Motivated by recent measurements of the free-floating planet mass function at terrestrial masses, we consider the possibility that the solar system may have captured a terrestrial planet early in its history. We show that $\sim 1.2$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-15 Amir Siraj

The Planet Nine hypothesis encompasses a body of about 5-8 Earth's masses whose orbital plane would be inclined to the ecliptic by one or two tens of degrees and whose perihelion distance would be as large as about 240-385 astronomical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Lorenzo Iorio

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

In most extrasolar planetary systems, the present orbits of known giant planets admit the existence of stable terrestrial planets. Those same giant planets, however, have typically eccentric orbits that hint at violent early dynamics less…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Dimitri Veras , Philip J. Armitage

We present a numerical simulation of the dynamical interaction between the proposed Planet Nine and a debris disk around the Sun for $4{\rm Gyr}$, accounting for the secular perturbation of the four giant planets in two scenarios: (a) an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-25 Erez Michaely , Abraham Loeb

The six-degree obliquity of the sun suggests that either an asymmetry was present in the solar system's formation environment, or an external torque has misaligned the angular momentum vectors of the sun and the planets. However, the exact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 Elizabeth Bailey , Konstantin Batygin , Michael E. Brown

The statistics of extrasolar planetary systems indicate that the default mode of planet formation generates planets with orbital periods shorter than 100 days, and masses substantially exceeding that of the Earth. When viewed in this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Konstantin Batygin , Gregory Laughlin

Doppler surveys have shown that more massive stars have significantly higher frequencies of giant planets inside $\sim$ 3 AU than lower mass stars, consistent with giant planet formation by core accretion. Direct imaging searches have begun…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Alan P. Boss

Observations of the population of cold Jupiter planets ($r>$1 AU) show that nearly all of these planets orbit their host star on eccentric orbits. For planets up to a few Jupiter masses, eccentric orbits are thought to be the outcome of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Bertram Bitsch , Trifon Trifonov , Andre Izidoro

For the origin of the radially concentrated solar system's terrestrial planets, planet formation from a ring of solids at about 1 au from the Sun with convergent/suppressed type I migration is preferred. On the other hand, many super-Earths…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Masahiro Ogihara , Alessandro Morbidelli , Masanobu Kunitomo

This paper explores the intermediate-time dynamics of newly formed solar systems with a focus on possible mechanisms for planetary migration. We consider two limiting corners of the available parameter space -- crowded systems containing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Fred C. Adams , Greg Laughlin

We evaluate the effects of a distant planet, commonly known as planet 9, on the dynamics of the giant planets of the Solar System. We find that, given the large distance of planet 9, the dynamics of the inner giant planets can be decomposed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-28 Rodney Gomes , Rogerio Deienno , Alessandro Morbidelli

The presence of an unseen `Planet 9' on the outskirts of the Solar system has been invoked to explain the unexpected clustering of the orbits of several Edgeworth--Kuiper Belt Objects. We use $N$-body simulations to investigate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 Richard J. Parker , Tim Lichtenberg , Sascha P. Quanz

We show that interaction with a gas disk may produce young planetary systems with closely-spaced orbits, stabilized by mean-motion resonances between neighbors. On longer timescales, after the gas is gone, interaction with a remnant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Edward W. Thommes , Geoffrey Bryden , Yanqin Wu , Frederic A. Rasio

Small planets, 1-4x the size of Earth, are extremely common around Sun-like stars, and surprisingly so, as they are missing in our solar system. Recent detections have yielded enough information about this class of exoplanets to begin…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Geoffrey W. Marcy , Lauren M. Weiss , Erik A. Petigura , Howard Isaacson , Andrew W. Howard , Lars A. Buchhave

We study the final architecture of planetary systems that evolve under the combined effects of planet-planet and planetesimal scattering. Using N-body simulations we investigate the dynamics of marginally unstable systems of gas and ice…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick