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Related papers: Floquet Time Crystals

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We show how a large family of interacting nonequilibrium phases of matter can arise from the presence of multiple time-translation symmetries, which occur by quasiperiodically driving an isolated quantum many-body system with two or more…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-14 Dominic V. Else , Wen Wei Ho , Philipp T. Dumitrescu

Time crystals are classified into discrete time crystals and continuous time crystals based on whether they spontaneously break time-translation symmetry. Continuous-time crystals do not require external driving. By introducing AdS/CFT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ximo Wang , Qiwei Han , Zhenqi Bai , Hongyan Fan , Yichi Zhang

The discrete time crystal (DTC) is a recently discovered phase of matter that spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry. Disorder-induced many-body-localization is required to stabilize a DTC to arbitrary times, yet an experimental…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is responsible for the rich phenomena in equilibrium physics. Driving a system out-of-equilibrium can significantly enrich the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking, which occurs not only in space, but…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-06 Mingxi Yue , Zi Cai

A discrete time crystal is a phase unique to nonequilibrium systems, where discrete time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Most of conventional time crystals proposed so far rely on spontaneous breaking of on-site symmetries and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-30 Kaoru Mizuta , Kazuaki Takasan , Masaya Nakagawa , Norio Kawakami

Instabilities of equilibrium quantum mechanics are common and well-understood. They are manifested for example in phase transitions, where a quantum system becomes so sensitive to perturbations that a symmetry can be spontaneously broken.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-27 Jasper van Wezel

We introduce a new class of out-of-equilibrium noninteracting topological phases, the topological space-time crystals. These are time-dependent quantum systems which do not have discrete spatial translation symmetries, but instead are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Yang Peng

The spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry has led to the discovery of a new phase of matter - the discrete time crystal. Discrete time crystals exhibit rigid subharmonic oscillations, which result from a combination of many-body…

We introduce a boundary condition twisted by time translation as a novel probe to characterize dynamical phases in periodically driven (Floquet) quantum systems. Inspired by twisted boundary conditions in equilibrium systems, this approach…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-17 Ryota Nakai , Taozhi Guo , Shinsei Ryu

Floquet (periodically driven) systems can give rise to unique non-equilibrium phases of matter without equilibrium analogs. The most prominent example is the realization of discrete time crystals. An intriguing question emerges: what other…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is well understood under equilibrium conditions as a consequence of the singularity of the thermodynamic limit. How a single global orientation of the order parameter dynamically emerges from an initially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Jasper van Wezel

Phase transitions not allowed in equilibrium steady states may happen however at the fluctuating level. We observe for the first time this striking and general phenomenon measuring current fluctuations in an isolated diffusive system. While…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-10-31 Pablo I. Hurtado , Pedro L. Garrido

Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a pivotal role in physics ranging from the emergence of elementary particles to the phase transitions of matter. The spontaneous breaking of continuous time translation symmetry leads to a novel state of…

Understanding different aspects of time is at the core of many areas in theoretical physics. Minimal models of continuous stochastic and quantum clocks have been proposed to explore fundamental limitations on the performance of timekeeping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ludmila Viotti , Marcus Huber , Rosario Fazio , Gonzalo Manzano

The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been well established to characterize classical and quantum phase transitions of matter, such as in condensation, crystallization or quantum magnetism. Generalizations of this paradigm to the…

Time crystals are unexpected states of matter that spontaneously break time translation symmetry either in a discrete or continuous manner. However, spatially-mesoscale space-time crystals that break both the space and time symmetries have…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Ivan I. Smalyukh

The existence of quantum time crystals is investigated and shown to be possible in pure phases defined by a state invariant under a group of space translations, as displayed by explicit examples.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-16 Franco Strocchi , Carlo Heissenberg

Time crystals are nonequilibrium phases of matter characterized by the emergence of temporal ordering, in which an interacting many-body system develops robust structure in its time evolution that is not trivially dictated by the external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Gonzalo Camacho , Benedikt Fauseweh

Continuous time crystals, i.e., nonequilibrium phases with a spontaneously broken continuous time-translational symmetry, have been studied and recently observed in the long-time dynamics of open quantum systems. Here, we investigate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Felix Russo , Thomas Pohl

In a periodically driven (Floquet) system, there is the possibility for new phases of matter, not present in stationary systems, protected by discrete time-translation symmetry. This includes topological phases protected in part by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-10 Dominic V. Else , Bela Bauer , Chetan Nayak