Related papers: Power, Delay and Area Comparisons of Majority Vote…

For digital system designs, triple modular redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of N-modular redundancy is widely preferred for many mission-control and safety-critical applications. The TMR scheme involves two-times duplication of…

A new majority and minority voted redundancy (MMR) scheme is proposed that can provide the same degree of fault tolerance as N-modular redundancy (NMR) but with fewer function units and a less sophisticated voting logic. Example NMR and MMR…

Mission-critical and safety-critical applications generally tend to incorporate triple modular redundancy (TMR) to embed fault tolerance in their physical implementations. In a TMR realization, an original function block, which may be a…

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a suitable fault tolerant technique for SRAM-based FPGA. However, one of the main challenges in achieving 100% robustness in designs protected by TMR running on programmable platforms is to prevent upsets…

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is one of the most common techniques in fault-tolerant systems, in which the output is determined by a majority voter. However, the design diversity of replicated modules and/or soft errors that are more…

The distributed minority and majority voting based redundancy (DMMR) scheme was recently proposed as an efficient alternative to the conventional N-modular redundancy (NMR) scheme for the physical design of mission/safety-critical circuits…

Almost all dependable systems use some form of redundancy in order to increase fault-tolerance. Very popular are the $N$-Modular Redundant (NMR) systems in which a majority voter chooses the voting output. However, elaborate systems require…

Despite its maturity, the field of fault-tolerant redundancy suffers from significant terminological fragmentation, where functionally equivalent methods are frequently described under disparate names across academic and industrial domains.…

For critical applications that require a higher level of reliability, the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) scheme is usually employed to implement fault-tolerant arithmetic units. However, this method imposes a significant area and…

Electronic circuits and systems used in mission and safety-critical applications usually employ redundancy in the design to overcome arbitrary fault(s) or failure(s) and guarantee the correct operation. In this context, the distributed…

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) has been traditionally used to ensure complete tolerance to a single fault or a faulty processing unit, where the processing unit may be a circuit or a system. However, TMR incurs more than 200% overhead in…

Hazard radiation can lead the system fault therefore Fault Tolerance is required. Fault Tolerant is a system, which is designed to keep operations running, despite the degradation in the specific module is happening. Many fault tolerances…

Hierarchical application of Triple-Modular Redundancy (TMR) increases fault tolerance of digital Integrated Circuit (IC). In this paper, a simple probabilistic model was proposed for analysis of fault masking performance of hierarchical TMR…

SRAM-based FPGAs are popular in the aerospace industry for their field programmability and low cost. However, they suffer from cosmic radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs). Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a well-known technique to…

In this study, we introduced a probabilistic voter, regarding symbol probabilities in decision process besides majority consensus. Conventional majority voter is independent of functionality of redundant modules. In our study, proposed…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely employed in safety-critical domains, where ensuring their reliability is essential. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is an effective technique to enhance the reliability of DNNs in the presence of…

Safety-critical systems use redundant input units to improve their reliability and fault tolerance. A voting logic is then used to select a reliable input from the redundant sources. A fault detection and isolation rules help in selecting…

Two-Phase TMR conserves energy by partitioning redundancy operations into two stages and making the execution of the third task copy optional, yet it remains susceptible to permanent faults. Reactive-TMR (R-TMR) counters this by isolating…

Due to the diversity and implicit redundancy in terms of processing units and compute kernels, off-the-shelf heterogeneous systems offer the opportunity to detect and tolerate faults during task execution in hardware as well as in software.…

Due to the small size of nanoscale devices, they are highly prone to process disturbances which results in manufacturing defects. Some of the defects are randomly distributed throughout the nanodevice layer. Other disturbances tend to be…