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We develop random graph models where graphs are generated by connecting not only pairs of vertices by edges but also larger subsets of vertices by copies of small atomic subgraphs of arbitrary topology. This allows the for the generation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Anatol E. Wegner , Sofia Olhede

Random graph models are used to describe the complex structure of real-world networks in diverse fields of knowledge. Studying their behavior and fitting properties are still critical challenges, that in general, require model specific…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Suzana de Siqueira Santos , André Fujita , Catherine Matias

We study a recent model for edge exchangeable random graphs introduced by Crane and Dempsey; in particular we study asymptotic properties of the random simple graph obtained by merging multiple edges. We study a number of examples, and show…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-02 Svante Janson

The power law has been observed in the degree distributions of many biological neural networks. Sparse deep neural networks, which learn an economical representation from the data, resemble biological neural networks in many ways. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Lu Hou , James T. Kwok

Completely random measures (CRMs) are fundamental to Bayesian nonparametric models, with applications in clustering, feature allocation, and network analysis. A key quantity of interest is the Laplace exponent, whose asymptotic behavior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Valentin Kilian , Benjamin Guedj , François Caron

We consider tensor factorizations based on sparse measurements of the components of relatively high rank tensors. The measurements are designed in a way that the underlying graph of interactions is a random graph. The setup will be useful…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Angelo Giorgio Cavaliere , Riki Nagasawa , Shuta Yokoi , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Hajime Yoshino

Many real life networks present an average path length logarithmic with the number of nodes and a degree distribution which follows a power law. Often these networks have also a modular and self-similar structure and, in some cases -…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-02-17 Alicia Miralles , Francesc Comellas , Lichao Chen , Zhongzhi Zhang

Degree distribution models are incredibly important tools for analyzing and understanding the structure and formation of social networks, and can help guide the design of efficient graph algorithms. In particular, the Power-law degree…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2011-08-20 Alessandra Sala , Sabrina Gaito , Gian Paolo Rossi , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

We introduce a model for neural scaling laws under sparse activations. In the model, test loss is often dominated by rare coordinates that are never observed in the training input. This mechanism induces a novel bottleneck absent from dense…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 John Sous , Michael Winer

Different network models have been suggested for the topology underlying complex interactions in natural systems. These models are aimed at replicating specific statistical features encountered in real-world networks. However, it is rarely…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-11 Stefano Cardanobile , Volker Pernice , Moritz Deger , Stefan Rotter

Graphs are used in many disciplines to model the relationships that exist between objects in a complex discrete system. Researchers may wish to compare a network of interest to a "typical" graph from a family (or ensemble) of graphs which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Catherine Greenhill

Random graphs are a central element of the study of complex dynamical networks such as the internet, the brain, or socioeconomic phenomena. New methods to generate random graphs can spawn new applications and give insights into more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-06 Hamza Jnane , Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Filippo M. Miatto

Random graph models are frequently used as a controllable and versatile data source for experimental campaigns in various research fields. Generating such data-sets at scale is a non-trivial task as it requires design decisions typically…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Manuel Penschuck , Ulrik Brandes , Michael Hamann , Sebastian Lamm , Ulrich Meyer , Ilya Safro , Peter Sanders , Christian Schulz

Many real life networks present an average path length logarithmic with the number of nodes and a degree distribution which follows a power law. Often these networks have also a modular and self-similar structure and, in some cases -…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-02-26 Alicia Miralles , Lichao Chen , Zhongzhi Zhang , Francesc Comellas

Network models are widely used to represent relational information among interacting units and the structural implications of these relations. Recently, social network studies have focused a great deal of attention on random graph models of…

Applications · Statistics 2010-10-06 Mark S. Handcock , Krista J. Gile

There is increasing evidence that dense networks occur in on-line social networks, recommendation networks and in the brain. In addition to being dense, these networks are often also scale-free, i.e. their degree distributions follow…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-05-16 Owen T. Courtney , Ginestra Bianconi

Empirical evidence suggests that heavy-tailed degree distributions occurring in many real networks are well-approximated by power laws with exponents $\eta$ that may take values either less than and greater than two. Models based on various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-10 Benjamin Bloem-Reddy , Adam Foster , Emile Mathieu , Yee Whye Teh

In the last 15 years, statistical physics has been a very successful framework to model complex networks. On the theoretical side, this approach has brought novel insights into a variety of physical phenomena, such as self-organisation,…

How do real graphs evolve over time? What are ``normal'' growth patterns in social, technological, and information networks? Many studies have discovered patterns in static graphs, identifying properties in a single snapshot of a large…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Jure Leskovec , Jon Kleinberg , Christos Faloutsos

The growing availability of network data and of scientific interest in distributed systems has led to the rapid development of statistical models of network structure. Typically, however, these are models for the entire network, while the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-18 Cosma Rohilla Shalizi , Alessandro Rinaldo