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Monte Carlo methods have led to profound insights into the strong-coupling behaviour of lattice gauge theories and produced remarkable results such as first-principles computations of hadron masses. Despite tremendous progress over the last…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-07-15 Anuj Apte , Anthony Ashmore , Clay Cordova , Tzu-Chen Huang

Long-range interactions in finite density QCD necessitate a non-perturbative approach in order to reliably map out the key features and spectrum of the QCD phase diagram. However, the complex nature of the fermion determinant in this sector…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Dougall

We present a general technique for addressing sign problems that arise in Monte Carlo simulations of field theories. This method deforms the domain of the path integral to a manifold in complex field space that maximizes the average sign…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-06-06 Andrei Alexandru , Paulo Bedaque , Henry Lamm , Scott Lawrence

Lattice field theories with a complex action can be studied numerically by allowing a complexified configuration space to be explored. Here we compare the recently introduced formulation on a Lefschetz thimble with the result from…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2013-11-13 Gert Aarts

We show that complex Langevin simulation converges to a wrong result, by relating it to the Lefschetz-thimble path integral, when the path-integral weight has different phases among dominant complex saddle points. Equilibrium solution of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-02-07 Tomoya Hayata , Yoshimasa Hidaka , Yuya Tanizaki

The complex Langevin method is a leading candidate for solving the sign problem occurring in various physical situations, notably QCD at finite chemical potential. Its most vexing problem is `convergence to the wrong limit', where the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2011-10-27 Gert Aarts , Frank A. James , Erhard Seiler , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of fermions are hampered by the notorious sign problem whose most striking manifestation is an exponential growth of sampling errors with the number of particles. With the sign problem known to be an NP-hard…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-23 Peter Broecker , Simon Trebst

Nowadays the term 'sign problem' is used to identify two different problems. The ideas to overcome the first type of the 'sign problem' of strongly oscillating complex valued imtegrand in the Feynman path integrals comes from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-04 Vladimir Filinov , Alexander Larkin

A possible solution of the notorious sign problem preventing direct Monte Carlo calculations for systems with non-zero chemical potential is to deform the integration region in the complex plane to a Lefschetz thimble. We investigate this…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-01-27 Andrei Alexandru , Gokce Basar , Paulo Bedaque

Lattice field theory methods, usually associated with non-perturbative studies of quantum chromodynamics, are becoming increasingly common in the calculation of ground-state and thermal properties of strongly interacting non-relativistic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-09-18 Joaquín E. Drut , Amy N. Nicholson

Lattice models with complex actions are important for the understanding of matter at finite densities, but not accessible by the standard Monte Carlo techniques due to the sign problem. Here we derive a new approach for avoiding the complex…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-09-06 Vasily Sazonov

Monte Carlo simulations of lattice quantum field theories on Lefschetz thimbles are non trivial. We discuss a new Monte Carlo algorithm based on the idea of computing contributions to the functional integral which come from complete flow…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-11-28 Francesco Di Renzo , Giovanni Eruzzi

Many fascinating systems suffer from a severe (complex action) sign problem preventing us from calculating them with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. One promising method to alleviate the sign problem is the transformation of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-18 Marcel Rodekamp , Christoph Gäntgen

Monte Carlo simulation of gauge theories with a $\theta$ term is known to be extremely difficult due to the sign problem. Recently there has been major progress in solving this problem based on the idea of complexifying dynamical variables.…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2020-05-08 Mitsuaki Hirasawa , Akira Matsumoto , Jun Nishimura , Atis Yosprakob

The sign problem of finite-density QCD at the zero temperature becomes very severe if the quark chemical potential exceeds half of the pion mass. In order to understand its property, we consider the sign problem of the one-site fermion…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-02-01 Yuya Tanizaki , Yoshimasa Hidaka , Tomoya Hayata

It is well known that investigating QCD at finite density by standard Monte Carlo methods is extremely difficult due to the sign problem. Some years ago, the complex Langevin method with gauge cooling was shown to work at high temperature,…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2019-01-15 Keitaro Nagata , Jun Nishimura , Shinji Shimasaki

Monte Carlo studies involving real time dynamics are severely restricted by the sign problem that emerges from highly oscillatory phase of the path integral. In this letter, we present a new method to compute real time quantities on the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-08-24 Andrei Alexandru , Gokce Basar , Paulo F. Bedaque , Sohan Vartak , Neill C. Warrington

QCD at finite quark-/baryon-number density, which describes nuclear matter, has a sign problem which prevents direct application of standard simulation methods based on importance sampling. When such finite density is implemented by the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-11-09 D. K. Sinclair , J. B. Kogut

The triangular lattice antiferromagnet with $S=1/2$ spins and nearest neighbor interactions is known to have long-range antiferromagnetic order, with nearest-neighbor spins at an angle of 120 degrees. Numerical studies of quantum phases…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-09 Leyna Shackleton , Subir Sachdev

A nonperturbative lattice study of QCD at finite chemical potential is complicated due to the complex fermion determinant and the sign problem. Here we apply the method of stochastic quantization and complex Langevin dynamics to this…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-02-09 Gert Aarts , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu
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