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Previous research on word embeddings has shown that sparse representations, which can be either learned on top of existing dense embeddings or obtained through model constraints during training time, have the benefit of increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Valentin Trifonov , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Anna Potapenko , Thomas Hofmann

Recent approaches to cross-lingual word embedding have generally been based on linear transformations between the sets of embedding vectors in the two languages. In this paper, we propose an approach that instead expresses the two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Di Wang , Graham Neubig

Human action is naturally compositional: humans can easily recognize and perform actions with objects that are different from those used in training demonstrations. In this paper, we study the compositionality of action by looking into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Joanna Materzynska , Tete Xiao , Roei Herzig , Huijuan Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Trevor Darrell

Word embeddings are a fixed, distributional representation of the context of words in a corpus learned from word co-occurrences. While word embeddings have proven to have many practical uses in natural language processing tasks, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 James Powell , Kari Sentz

Sentence encoders play a pivotal role in various NLP tasks; hence, an accurate evaluation of their compositional properties is paramount. However, existing evaluation methods predominantly focus on goal task-specific performance. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Naman Bansal , Yash mahajan , Sanjeev Sinha , Santu Karmaker

Word embeddings are a key component of high-performing natural language processing (NLP) systems, but it remains a challenge to learn good representations for novel words on the fly, i.e., for words that did not occur in the training data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

The ability to learn and compose functions is foundational to efficient learning and reasoning in humans, enabling flexible generalizations such as creating new dishes from known cooking processes. Beyond sequential chaining of functions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yanli Zhou , Brenden M. Lake , Adina Williams

Unsupervised sentence embedding aims to obtain the most appropriate embedding for a sentence to reflect its semantic. Contrastive learning has been attracting developing attention. For a sentence, current models utilize diverse data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Hao Wang , Yangguang Li , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Lingpeng Kong , Jing Shao

Sense embedding learning methods learn different embeddings for the different senses of an ambiguous word. One sense of an ambiguous word might be socially biased while its other senses remain unbiased. In comparison to the numerous prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yi Zhou , Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala

The meaning of a word often varies depending on its usage in different domains. The standard word embedding models struggle to represent this variation, as they learn a single global representation for a word. We propose a method to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Lahari Poddar , Gyorgy Szarvas , Lea Frermann

For language models to generalize correctly to novel expressions, it is critical that they exploit access compositional meanings when this is justified. Even if we don't know what a "pelp" is, we can use our knowledge of numbers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Zhijin Guo , Chenhao Xue , Zhaozhen Xu , Hongbo Bo , Yuxuan Ye , Janet B. Pierrehumbert , Martha Lewis

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

In this paper, we propose a new approach to learn multimodal multilingual embeddings for matching images and their relevant captions in two languages. We combine two existing objective functions to make images and captions close in a joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Alireza Mohammadshahi , Remi Lebret , Karl Aberer

Word embedding, which encodes words into vectors, is an important starting point in natural language processing and commonly used in many text-based machine learning tasks. However, in most current word embedding approaches, the similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Denis Sedov , Zhirong Yang

Compositionality is considered central to language abilities. As performant language systems, how do large language models (LLMs) do on compositional tasks? We evaluate adjective-noun compositionality in LLMs using two complementary setups:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ruchira Dhar , Qiwei Peng , Anders Søgaard

Composition models of distributional semantics are used to construct phrase representations from the representations of their words. Composition models are typically situated on two ends of a spectrum. They either have a small number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Corina Dima , Daniël de Kok , Neele Witte , Erhard Hinrichs

In this study, we propose a novel multi-modal end-to-end neural approach for automated assessment of non-native English speakers' spontaneous speech using attention fusion. The pipeline employs Bi-directional Recurrent Convolutional Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Manraj Singh Grover , Yaman Kumar , Sumit Sarin , Payman Vafaee , Mika Hama , Rajiv Ratn Shah

The growth of domain-specific applications of semantic models, boosted by the recent achievements of unsupervised embedding learning algorithms, demands domain-specific evaluation datasets. In many cases, content-based recommenders being a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Pierangelo Lombardo , Alessio Boiardi , Luca Colombo , Angelo Schiavone , Nicolò Tamagnone

Measuring the quality of a generated sequence against a set of references is a central problem in many learning frameworks, be it to compute a score, to assign a reward, or to perform discrimination. Despite great advances in model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Florian Schmidt , Thomas Hofmann

In various data settings, it is necessary to compare observations from disparate data sources. We assume the data is in the dissimilarity representation and investigate a joint embedding method that results in a commensurate representation…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-05 Sancar Adali , Carey E. Priebe