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K2 Campaign 9 (K2C9) offers the first chance to measure parallaxes and masses of members of the large population of free-floating planets (FFPs) that has previously been inferred from measurements of the rate of short-timescale microlensing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-29 Matthew T. Penny , Nicolas J. Rattenbury , B. Scott Gaudi , Eamonn Kerins

Microlensing is generally thought to probe planetary systems only out to a few Einstein radii. Microlensing events generated by bound planets beyond about 10 Einstein radii generally do not yield any trace of their hosts, and so would be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Andrew Gould

The mass and distance functions of free-floating planets (FFPs) would give major insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems, including any systematic differences between those in the disk and bulge. We show that the only…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-18 Andrew Gould , Weicheng Zang , Shude Mao , Subo Dong

We report a free-floating planet (FFP) candidate identified from the analysis of the microlensing event KMT-2023-BLG-2669. The lensing light curve is characterized by a short duration $(\lesssim 3\,{\rm days})$ and a small amplitude…

Microlensing can be used to discover exoplanets of a wide range of masses with orbits beyond ~ 1 AU, and even free-floating planets. The WFIRST mission will use microlensing to discover approximately 1600 planets by monitoring ~100 million…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-12 Somayeh Khakpash , Matthew Penny , Joshua Pepper

A microlensing event is mainly used to search for free-floating planets (FFPs). To estimate the FFP mass and distance via the microlensing effect, a microlensing parallax is one of the key parameters. A short duration of FFP microlensing is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-31 Makiko Ban

In this work, we study detecting free-floating planets (FFPs) by microlensing observations towards the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). In comparison to similar events toward the Galactic bulge, an FFP in the Galactic halo produces on average…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Sedighe Sajadian

Though free-floating planets (FFPs) may outpopulate their bound counterparts in the terrestrial-mass range, they remain one of the least explored exoplanet demographics. Due to their negligible electromagnetic emission at all wavelengths,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Michelle Kunimoto , William DeRocco , Nolan Smyth , Steve Bryson , B. Scott Gaudi

Free-floating planets are the remnants of violent dynamical rearrangements of planetary systems. It is possible that even our own solar system ejected a large planet early in its evolution. WFIRST will have the ability to detect…

With their excellent photometric precision and dramatic increase in monitoring frequency, future microlensing survey experiments are expected to be sensitive to very short time-scale, isolated events caused by free-floating and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Cheongho Han , B. Scott Gaudi , Jin H. An , Andrew Gould

Planet formation theories suggest the presence of free-floating planets (FFPs) that are ejected from their formation sites. While these planets emit very little light, they can be identified through gravitational microlensing. Here, we…

In recent years free-loating planets (FFPs) have drawn a great interest among astrophysicists. Gravitational microlensing is a unique and exclusive method for their investigation which may allow obtaining precious information about their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 Lindita Hamolli , Mimoza Hafizi , Francesco De Paolis , Achille A. Nucita

Among the methods proposed to detect extrasolar planets, microlensing is the only technique that can detect free-floating planets. Free-floating planets are detected through the channel of short-duration isolated lensing events. However, if…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Cheongho Han

$K2$'s Campaign 9 ($K2$C9) will conduct a $\sim$3.7 deg$^{2}$ survey toward the Galactic bulge from 7/April through 1/July of 2016 that will leverage the spatial separation between $K2$ and the Earth to facilitate measurement of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 Calen B. Henderson , Radosław Poleski , Matthew Penny , Rachel A. Street , David P. Bennett , David W. Hogg , B. Scott Gaudi , W. Zhu , T. Barclay , G. Barentsen , S. B. Howell , F. Mullally , A. Udalski , M. K. Szymański , J. Skowron , P. Mróz , S. Kozłowski , Ł. Wyrzykowski , P. Pietrukowicz , I. Soszyński , K. Ulaczyk , M. Pawlak , T. Sumi , F. Abe , Y. Asakura , R. K. Barry , A. Bhattacharya , I. A. Bond , M. Donachie , M. Freeman , A. Fukui , Y. Hirao , Y. Itow , N. Koshimoto , M. C. A. Li , C. H. Ling , K. Masuda , Y. Matsubara , Y. Muraki , M. Nagakane , K. Ohnishi , H. Oyokawa , N. Rattenbury , To. Saito , A. Sharan , D. J. Sullivan , P. J. Tristram , A. Yonehara , E. Bachelet , D. M. Bramich , A. Cassan , M. Dominik , R. Figuera Jaimes , K. Horne , M. Hundertmark , S. Mao , C. Ranc , R. Schmidt , C. Snodgrass , I. A. Steele , Y. Tsapras , J. Wambsganss , V. Bozza , M. J. Burgdorf , U. G. Jørgensen , S. Calchi Novati , S. Ciceri , G. D'Ago , D. F. Evans , F. V. Hessman , T. C. Hinse , T. -O. Husser , L. Mancini , A. Popovas , M. Rabus , S. Rahvar , G. Scarpetta , J. Skottfelt , J. Southworth , E. Unda-Sanzana , S. T. Bryson , D. A. Caldwell , M. R. Haas , K. Larson , K. McCalmont , M. Packard , C. Peterson , D. Putnam , L. Reedy , S. Ross , J. E. Van Cleve , R. Akeson , V. Batista , J. -P. Beaulieu , C. A. Beichman , G. Bryden , D. Ciardi , A. Cole , C. Coutures , D. Foreman-Mackey , P. Fouqué , M. Friedmann , C. Gelino , S. Kaspi , E. Kerins , H. Korhonen , D. Lang , C. -H. Lee , C. H. Lineweaver , D. Maoz , J. -B. Marquette , F. Mogavero , J. C. Morales , D. Nataf , R. W. Pogge , A. Santerne , Y. Shvartzvald , D. Suzuki , M. Tamura , P. Tisserand , D. Wang

We report the discoveries of low-mass free-floating planet (FFP) candidates from the analysis of 2006-2014 MOA-II Galactic bulge survey data. In this dataset, we found 6,111 microlensing candidates and identified a statistical sample…

[abridged] WFIRST is uniquely capable of finding planets with masses as small as Mars at separations comparable to Jupiter, i.e., beyond the current ice lines of their stars. These planets fall between the close-in planets found by Kepler…

We present the first short-duration candidate microlensing events from the Kepler K2 mission. From late April to early July 2016, Campaign 9 of K2 obtained high temporal cadence observations over a 3.7 square degree region of the Galactic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 I. McDonald , E. Kerins , R. Poleski , M. T. Penny , D. Specht , S. Mao , P. Fouqué , W. Zhu , W. Zang

We show that a space-based gravitational microlensing survey for terrestrial extra-solar planets is feasible in the near future, and could provide a nearly complete picture of the properties of planetary systems in our Galaxy. We present…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 David P. Bennett , Sun Hong Rhie

The event rate and the efficiency of mass estimation for free-floating planet (FFP) microlensing events were determined from the simulation of the simultaneous parallax observations by Euclid, WFIRST, and LSST. The stellar population from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-13 M. Ban

The detection of anomalies in gravitational microlensing events is nowadays one of the main goals among the microlensing community. In the case of single-lens events, these anomalies can be caused by the finite source effects, that is when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-12 Lindita Hamolli , Mimoza Hafizi , Francesco De Paolis , Achille A. Nucita
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