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The Wigner's friend experiment is a thought experiment in which a so-called superobserver (Wigner) observes another observer (the friend) who has performed a quantum measurement on a physical system. In this setup Wigner treats the friend,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Veronika Baumann , Časlav Brukner

Quantum theory in its conventional formulation is notoriously subject to various measurement-related paradoxes, as exemplified by the "Schrodinger's Cat" and "Wigner's Friend" thought experiments. It has been shown, for example by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 R. E. Kastner

The basic idea here is that observation (or one's experience) is fundamental and the `atomic world' is postulated as the source of such observation. Once this source has been inferred to exist one may attempt to explicitly derive its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Matthew F. Brown

In this lecture, intended for a general audience, I describe Schr\"odinger's thought experiment which was designed to show the strange results of extending the formalism of quantum theory, particularly the idea of superposition, beyond the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-09-15 Anthony Sudbery

The place and role of an Observer in quantum mechanics has been a subject of an ongoing debate since the theory's inception. Wigner brought this question to the fore in a celebrated scenario in which a super-Observer observes a Friend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-14 A. Matzkin , D. Sokolovski

The Wigner's friend thought experiment was intended to illustrate the difficulty one has in describing an agent as a quantum system when that agent performs a measurement. While it does pose a challenge to the orthodox interpretation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 David Schmid , Yìlè Yīng , Matthew Leifer

The Wigner's friend paradox concerns one of the most puzzling problems of quantum mechanics: the consistent description of multiple nested observers. Recently, a variation of Wigner's gedankenexperiment, introduced by Frauchiger and Renner,…

Wigner's friend experiment and its modern extensions display the ambiguity of the quantum mechanical description regarding the assignment of quantum states. While the friend applies the state-update rule to the system upon observing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Flavio Del Santo , Gonzalo Manzano , Caslav Brukner

Arguments have been raised that the system--observer cut of quantum mechanics can be shifted arbitrarily close to, or even into, the conscious observer. Here I show that this view leads to {\it observable} contradictions (despite our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernd A. Berg

The recent experiment on superconducting quantum interference device provides new opportunity to clarify the fundamental interpretation of quantum mechanics. After analyzing this and relevant experiments, we claim the point of view that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Guang-jiong Ni

There has been a surge of recent interest in the Wigner's Friend paradox, sparking several novel thought experiments and no-go theorems. The main narrative has been that Wigner's Friend highlights a counterintuitive feature that is unique…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Caroline L. Jones , Markus P. Mueller

In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner's friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-05 Caslav Brukner

The paradox of Wigner's friend challenges the objectivity of description in quantum theory. A pragmatist interpretation can meet this challenge by judicious appeal to decoherence. On this interpretation, quantum theory provides situated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Richard Healey

There has been an upsurge of interest in the consequences for quantum physics of the so-called Wigner's Friend Paradox. In its original formulation, the paradox has been turned inside out, and virtually every aspect of it has been looked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Julio C. F. Silva , B. F. Rizzuti , Cristhiano Duarte

This article aims to reconsider E. Schr\"odinger's famous thought experiment, the cat paradox experiment, and its place in quantum foundations from a new perspective, grounded in the type of interpretation of quantum phenomena and quantum…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-01-31 Arkady Plotnitsky

The famous Wigner's friend experiment considers an observer -- the friend -- and a superobserver -- Wigner -- who treats the friend as a quantum system and her interaction with other quantum systems as unitary dynamics. This is at odds with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Veronika Baumann

In a recent paper, \.Zukowski and Markiewicz showed that Wigner's Friend (and, by extension, Schr\"odinger's Cat) can be eliminated as physical possibilities on purely logical grounds. I validate this result and demonstrate the source of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-16 Andrew Knight

The scientific method relies on facts, established through repeated measurements and agreed upon universally, independently of who observed them. In quantum mechanics, the objectivity of observations is not so clear, most dramatically…

It is commonly thought that observers in distinct branches of an Everettian multiverse cannot communicate without violating the linearity of quantum theory. Here we show a counterexample, demonstrating that inter-branch communication is in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Maria Violaris

With 2025 being declared the Year of Quantum Science and Technology, our contribution seeks to provide a fresh perspective on Schr\"odinger's cat thought experiment. We reinterpret this experiment by viewing it through the lens of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Lucas L. Brugger , Cristhiano Duarte , Bruno F. Rizzuti
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