Related papers: Charge quantization from a number operator

A quantum shuttle is an archetypical nanoelectromechanical device, where the mechanical degree of freedom is quantized. Using a full-scale numerical solution of the generalized master equation describing the shuttle, we have recently shown…

Quark has an electric charge either $-1/3$ or $2/3$ and a baryon number $1/3$, where the divisions $3$'s match the color number. Although the electric charge and the baryon number have a nature distinct from the color charge, the matching…

Fermion-number fractionalization without breaking of time-reversal symmetry was recently demonstrated for a field theory in $(2+1)$-dimensional space and time that describes the couplings between massive Dirac fermions, a complex-valued…

In gauge theories like the standard model, the electric charges of the fermions can be heavily constrained from the classical structure of the theory and from the cancellation of anomalies. There is however mounting evidence suggesting that…

We show that a non-associative structure applied to the algebra of Fermi operators with su(3) colour degrees of freedom leads to a consistent Fermi statistic for the tensor operators of the colour algebra. A consequence of this construction…

We investigate the Hamiltonian formulation of 1+1-dimensional staggered fermions and reconstruct the vector and axial charge operators, originally identified by Arkya Chatterjee et al., within the Wilson fermion formalism. These operators…

Nucleons and electrons were once considered elementary particles, a role nowadays taken by quarks and leptons. Here, mainly at the group theoretical level, we examine the unorthodox idea that nucleons and electrons share the same level of…

Some PT-symmetric non-hermitean Hamiltonians have only real eigenvalues. There is numerical evidence that the associated PT-invariant energy eigenstates satisfy an unconventional completeness relation. An ad hoc scalar product among the…

The energies of the excited states of the Nucleon, $\Delta$ and $\Omega$ are computed in lattice QCD, using two light quarks and one strange quark on anisotropic lattices. The calculation is performed at three values of the light quark…

Using the complex Klein-Gordon field as a model, we quantize the quaternionic scalar field in the real Hilbert space. The lagrangian formulation has accordingly been obtained, as well as the hamiltonian formulation, and the energy and…

In quantum theory, real degrees of freedom are usually described by operators which are self-adjoint. There are, however, exceptions to the rule. This is because, in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, an operator is not necessarily…

In $SU(N)$ gauge theories without dynamical quarks, we discuss how configurations with fractional topological charge, $\sim 1/N$, can arise in the vacuum and dominate in the confining phase. They are not solutions of the classical equations…

Assuming that neutrinos are not Majorana fermions and the right handed Dirac neutrino does not exist, we propose a model in which the second and the third generations of the leptons are composites, while the first generation is fundamental.…

We establish a state-operator correspondence for a class of non-conformal quantum field theories with continuous higher-form symmetries and a mixed anomaly. Such systems can always be realised as a relativistic superfluid. The symmetry…

It is important to obtain effective operators by integrating out high energy degrees of freedom in physics. We suggest a general method of calculating accurate irrelevant operators in a scattering process without use of equation of motions.…

The fundamental organizing principle resulting in the periodic table is the nuclear charge. Arranging the chemical elements in an increasing atomic number order, a symmetry pattern known as the Periodic Table is detectable. The correlation…

We propose a scheme for the construction of charge and spin linear-response functions of an interacting electronic system via quantum phase estimation and statistical sampling on a quantum computer. By using the unitary decomposition of…

For the rational quantum Calogero systems of type $A_1{\oplus}A_2$, $AD_3$ and $BC_3$, we explicitly present complete sets of independent conserved charges and their nonlinear algebras. Using intertwining (or shift) operators, we include…

The charge of an electron in a cluster of n electrons is not ne but it is a fraction. We make many different clusters and calculate their charge per electron. We make 84 clusters and calculate the charge of an electron in these clusters.…

We analyze the different ways to define the energy operator in geometric theories of quantum mechanics. In some formulations the operator contains the scalar curvature as a multiplicative term. We show that such term can be canceled or…