Related papers: Alloy meets TLA+: An exploratory study
I consider the following generic scenario: an abstract model M of some 'real' system is only partially presented, or partially known to us, and we have to ensure that the actual system satisfies a given specification, formalised in some…
Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…
This paper presents LEXR, a framework for explaining the decision making of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using a formal description language called Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). LTL is the de facto standard for the specification of…
Constructing phase diagrams for multicomponent alloys requires extensive experimental measurements and is a time-consuming task. Here we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can guide experimental planning for phase diagram…
Translating informal requirements into formal specifications is challenging due to the ambiguity and variability of natural language (NL). This challenge is particularly pronounced when relying on compact (small and medium) language models,…
The usual advantages put forward for including nullability declarations in the type systems of programming languages are that they improve program reliability or performance. But there is another, entirely different, reason for doing so. In…
Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without additional training. However, most…
System requirements related to concepts like information flow, knowledge, and robustness cannot be judged in terms of individual system executions, but rather require an analysis of the relationship between multiple executions. Such…
This paper explores the process of validation for the abstract syntax of a graphical notation. We define an unified specification for five of the UML diagrams used by the Discovery Method and, in this document, we illustrate how diagrams…
This paper proposes a technique to help choose the best formal specification candidate among a set of alternatives. Given a set of specifications, our technique generates a suite of test cases that, once classified by the user as desirable…
The problem of checking a logged event trace against a temporal logic specification arises in many practical cases. Unfortunately, known algorithms for an expressive logic like MTL (Metric Temporal Logic) do not scale with respect to two…
Many different systems with explicit substitutions have been proposed to implement a large class of higher-order languages. Motivations and challenges that guided the development of such calculi in functional frameworks are surveyed in the…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in diverse real-world scenarios, each governed by bespoke behavioral and safety specifications (spec) custom-tailored by users or organizations. These spec, categorized into safety-spec…
Model finding, as embodied by SAT solvers and similar tools, is used widely, both in embedding settings and as a tool in its own right. For instance, tools like Alloy target SAT to enable users to incrementally define, explore, verify, and…
Conventionally, high-throughput computational materials searches start from an input set of bulk compounds extracted from material databases, and this set is screened for candidate materials for specific applications. In contrast, many…
Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising approach to improve correctness in LLMs, however, in many scientific problems, the objective is not necessarily to produce the correct answer, but instead to…
Propositional linear time temporal logic (LTL) is the standard temporal logic for computing applications and many reasoning techniques and tools have been developed for it. Tableaux for deciding satisfiability have existed since the 1980s.…
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are a promising class of alloys that show elevated-temperature yield strengths and have potential to use as high-performance materials in gas turbine engines. However, exploring the vast RHEA…
Aliasing is a known source of challenges in the context of imperative object-oriented languages, which have led to important advances in type systems for aliasing control. However, their large-scale adoption has turned out to be a…
The verification of asynchronous software components poses significant challenges due to the way components interleave and exchange input/output data concurrently. Compositional strategies aim to address this by separating the task of…