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In this work we investigate the capabilities of a hybrid quantum-classical procedure to explore the solution space using the D-Wave $2000Q^{TM}$ Quantum Annealer device. Here we study the ability of the Quantum hardware to solve the Number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Luca Asproni , Davide Caputo , Blanca Silva , Giovanni Fazzi , Marco Magagnini

Commercial quantum annealers from D-Wave Systems can find high quality solutions of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems that can be embedded onto its hardware. However, even though such devices currently offer up to 2048…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

Quantum annealing is a novel type of analog computation that aims to use quantum mechanical fluctuations to search for optimal solutions of Ising problems. Quantum annealing in the transverse field Ising model, implemented on D-Wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Elijah Pelofske

Although quantum computing hardware has evolved significantly in recent years, spurred by increasing industrial and government interest, the size limitation of current generation quantum computers remains an obstacle when applying these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 Gideon Bass , Max Henderson , Joshua Heath , Joseph Dulny

Recent advancements in quantum computing suggest the potential to revolutionize computational algorithms across various scientific domains including oceanography and atmospheric science. The field is still relatively young and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Takuro Matsuta , Ryo Furue

We investigate the performance of penalty-based quantum annealing (PQA) and constrained quantum annealing (CQA) in solving the graph partitioning problem under various noise models, including depolarizing, bit-flip, and phase-flip noise. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-24 Ryoya Igata , Myonsok I , Yuya Seki , Yuta Mizuno , Shohei Watabe

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Probabilistic computing with pbits is emerging as a computational paradigm for machine learning and for facing combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) with the so-called probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs). From a hardware point of view,…

Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

The standard approach to encoding constraints in quantum optimization is the quadratic penalty method. Quadratic penalties introduce additional couplings and energy scales, which can be detrimental to the performance of a quantum optimizer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Puya Mirkarimi , David C. Hoyle , Ross Williams , Nicholas Chancellor

Mixed discrete-continuous optimization is central to engineering design, where discrete choices interact with continuous fields. These problems are difficult due to high-dimensional, complex search spaces. To tackle them, Quantum Annealing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fabian Key , Lukas Freinberger , Mayu Muramatsu , Norbert Hosters

Constrained combinatorial optimization problems, which are ubiquitous in industry, can be solved by quantum algorithms such as quantum annealing (QA) and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). In these quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Puya Mirkarimi , Ishaan Shukla , David C. Hoyle , Ross Williams , Nicholas Chancellor

In this thesis, we focus on the problem of validating and benchmarking quantum annealers. To this end, we propose two algorithms for solving real-world problems and test how they perform on the current generation of quantum annealers. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Konrad Jałowiecki

In order to solve real world combinatorial optimization problems with a D-Wave quantum annealer it is necessary to embed the problem at hand into the D-Wave hardware graph, namely Chimera or Pegasus. Most hard real world problems exhibit a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Elisabeth Lobe , Lukas Schürmann , Tobias Stollenwerk

A range of quantum algorithms, especially those leveraging variational parameterization and circuit-based optimization, are being studied as alternatives for solving classically intractable combinatorial optimization problems (COPs).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

Quantum annealers offer an efficient way to compute high quality solutions of NP-hard problems when expressed in a QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) or an Ising form. This is done by mapping a problem onto the physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

Quantum annealing is a generic solver for optimization problems that uses fictitious quantum fluctuation. The most groundbreaking progress in the research field of quantum annealing is its hardware implementation, i.e., the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-14 Masayuki Ohzeki

Emerging analog computing substrates, such as oscillator-based Ising machines, offer rapid convergence times for combinatorial optimization but often suffer from limited scalability due to physical implementation constraints. To tackle…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruihong Yin , Yue Zheng , Chaohui Li , Ahmet Efe , Abhimanyu Kumar , Ziqing Zeng , Ulya R. Karpuzcu , Sachin S. Sapatnekar , Chris H. Kim

Quantum computation is a promising emerging technology, and by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics, it is expected to achieve faster computations than classical computers for specific problems. There are two distinct architectures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Takashi Imoto , Yuki Susa , Ryoji Miyazaki , Yuichiro Matsuzaki

Quantum annealing (QA) and Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) are both heuristic quantum algorithms intended for sampling optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. In this article we implement a rigorous direct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Elijah Pelofske , Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz