Related papers: Baryons and the Borromeo
Atomic nuclei are the core of everything we can see. At the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the nucleons they contain. Each nucleon has a mass $m_N \approx 1\,$GeV, i.e.…
The relic abundance of baryons - the only form of stable matter whose existence we are certain of - is a crucial parameter for many cosmological processes, as well as material evidence that there is new physics beyond the Standard Model. We…
We present an elementary introduction to some of the quark models used to understand the properties of light mesons and baryons. These lectures are intended for both theoretical and experimental graduate students beginning their study of…
The near equality of the dark matter and baryon energy densities is a remarkable coincidence, especially when one realizes that the baryon mass is exponentially sensitive to UV parameters in the form of dimensional transmutation. We explore…
The classical view of mass is that it quantifies the amount of substance and is a kinematical parameter. All matter has an attribute of mass and is a conserved quantity in any interaction. With the advent of special relativity, mass became…
Light-baryon resonances (with u,d, and s quarks in the SU(3) classification) fall on Regge trajectories. When their squared masses are plotted against the intrinsic orbital angular momenta {\rm L}, $\Delta^*$'s with even and odd parity can…
In the 1930's, nuclear physicists developed the first realistic atomic models, showing that nuclei were made up of protons and neutrons. In the 1960's, Deep Inelastic Scattering experiments showed that protons and neutrons had internal…
The crown jewel of particle physics, the Standard Model (SM), has withstood numerous experimental trials. However, there are still some observations it cannot explain. Examples such as dark matter and the matter-antimatter imbalance in the…
The excited leptons that share the quantum numbers with the Standard Model leptons but have larger masses are widespread in many promising new physics theories. A subclass of excited leptons that at low energies interact with the SM…
The centrality experiments indicate regime change and saturation in the behavior of some characteristics of the secondary particles emitted in hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear interactions at high energies. The phenomenon has a critical…
Neutrinos are the least known particle in the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. They play a crucial role in cosmology, governing the universe's evolution and shaping the large-scale structures we observe today. In this chapter,…
Overwhelming experimental evidence for quarks as real physical constituents of hadrons along with the QCD analogs of the Balmer Formula, Bohr Atom and Schroedinger Equation already existed in 1966. A model of colored quarks interacting with…
In Bohmian mechanics elementary particles exist objectively, as point particles moving according to a law determined by a wavefunction. In this context, questions as to whether the particles of a certain species are real--questions such as,…
A substantial body of data is described by the Standard Model of particle physics. However the description is far from perfect and there is a growing number of internal inconsistencies. These fall short of qualifying as discoveries;…
The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and although it does not contain any explicit reason for this, the existence of additional generations is now very constrained by experiment. Present measurements are saturating…
In these proceedings we illustrate that light, very weakly interacting particles can arise naturally from physics which is fundamentally connected to very high energy scales. Searching for them therefore may give us interesting new insights…
This paper reviews different aspects of hadronic systems with strange quarks. It reviews production, spectroscopy and decay of baryons and hypernuclei with emphasis on recent results obtained in this field. It includes a comparison of…
We suggest a new point of view according to which baryon resonances can be understood as collective excitations about intrinsic one-quark excitations in a mean field of definite symmetry. This approach is justified in the limit of large…
We argue that simpler fermionic contents, responsible for the extension of the standard model with gauged lepton and baryon charges, can be constructed by assuming existence of so-called leptoquarks (j,k) with exotic electric charges…
Neutrinos are one of the major puzzles in modern physics. Despite measurements of mass differences, the Standard Model of particle physics describes them as exactly massless. Additionally, recent measurements from both particle physics…