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Objective: In some situations that exist both scalar and functional data, called mixed and hybrid data, the hybrid PCA (HPCA) was introduced. Among the regression models for the hybrid data, we can count covariate-adjusted HPCA, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-20 Mohammad Fayaz , Alireza Abadi , Soheila Khodakarim

We propose a new fast generalized functional principal components analysis (fast-GFPCA) algorithm for dimension reduction of non-Gaussian functional data. The method consists of: (1) binning the data within the functional domain; (2)…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 Andrew Leroux , Ciprian Crainiceanu , Julia Wrobel

Happ and Greven (2018) developed a methodology for principal components analysis of multivariate functional data observed on different dimensional domains. Their approach relies on an estimation of univariate functional principal components…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-28 Steven Golovkine , Edward Gunning , Andrew J. Simpkin , Norma Bargary

Principal component analysis (PCA) represents a standard approach to identify collective variables $\{x_i\}\!=\!\boldsymbol{x}$, which can be used to construct the free energy landscape $\Delta G(\boldsymbol{x})$ of a molecular system.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-30 Matthias Post , Steffen Wolf , Gerhard Stock

Auxiliary information is frequently utilized in survey sampling to improve the efficiency of estimators of the finite population mean. However, the simultaneous use of multiple auxiliary variables often induces multicollinearity, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-30 Rajesh Singh , Shobh Nath Tiwari

Correspondence analysis (CA) is a multivariate statistical tool used to visualize and interpret data dependencies by finding maximally correlated embeddings of pairs of random variables. CA has found applications in fields ranging from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Hsiang Hsu , Salman Salamatian , Flavio P. Calmon

Many studies collect functional data from multiple subjects that have both multilevel and multivariate structures. An example of such data comes from popular neuroscience experiments where participants' brain activity is recorded using…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-19 Jun Zhang , Greg J Siegle , Wendy D'Andrea , Robert T Krafty

A characteristic feature of functional data is the presence of phase variability in addition to amplitude variability. Existing functional regression methods do not handle time variability in an explicit and efficient way. In this paper we…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-04-22 Daniel Gervini

When working with large biological data sets, exploratory analysis is an important first step for understanding the latent structure and for generating hypotheses to be tested in subsequent analyses. However, when the number of variables is…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-03 Julia Fukuyama

We propose a multiple imputation method based on principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with incomplete continuous data. To reflect the uncertainty of the parameters from one imputation to the next, we use a Bayesian treatment of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-20 Vincent Audigier , François Husson , Julie Josse

Principal component analysis (PCA) has achieved great success in unsupervised learning by identifying covariance correlations among features. If the data collection fails to capture the covariance information, PCA will not be able to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 Ziming Liu , Sitian Qian , Yixuan Wang , Yuxuan Yan , Tianyi Yang

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) is a probabilistic reformulation of principal component analysis (PCA), under the framework of a Gaussian latent variable model. To improve the robustness of PPCA, it has been proposed to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Yiping Guo , Howard D. Bondell

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

Principal component analysis (PCA) is recognised as a quintessential data analysis technique when it comes to describing linear relationships between the features of a dataset. However, the well-known sensitivity of PCA to non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Jean P. Chereau , Bruno Scalzo Dees , Danilo P. Mandic

Covariance matrix estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) are two cornerstones of multivariate analysis. Classic textbook solutions perform poorly when the dimension of the data is of a magnitude similar to the sample size, or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-25 Olivier Ledoit , Michael Wolf

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a common way to study the sources of variation in a high-dimensional data set. Typically, the leading principal components are used to understand the variation in the data or to reduce the dimension of…

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a popular matrix factorization approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that combines variance maximization and sparsity with the ultimate goal of improving data interpretation. When…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-19 J. Camacho , A. K. Smilde , E. Saccenti , J. A. Westerhuis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known multivariate technique used to decorrelate a set of vectors. PCA has been extensively applied in the past to the classification of stellar and galaxy spectra. Here we apply PCA to the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. Ferreras , B. Rogers , O. Lahav , .

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sparse PCA) is a fundamental dimension-reduction tool that enhances interpretability in various high-dimensional settings. An important variant of sparse PCA studies the scenario when samples are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Yuqing He , Guanyi Wang , Yu Yang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a highly useful topic within an introductory Linear Algebra course, especially since it can be used to incorporate a number of applied projects. This method represents an essential application and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-04-19 Stephen Pankavich , Rebecca Swanson