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We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

This article surveys key conceptual and interpretational developments in quantum mechanics, tracing the theory from its foundational postulates to contemporary discussions of measurement, nonlocality, and the emergence of classicality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Theodore McKeever , Ahsan Nazir

A longstanding issue in attempts to understand the Everett (Many-Worlds) approach to quantum mechanics is the origin of the Born rule: why is the probability given by the square of the amplitude? Following Vaidman, we note that observers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-26 Charles T. Sebens , Sean M. Carroll

A realist description of our universe requires a twofold concept of locality. On one hand, there are the strictly Einstein-local interactions which generate the time evolution. On the other hand, the quantum state space calls for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-27 Andreas O. Tell

The interpretation of quantum mechanics has been discussed since this theme first was brought up by Einstein and Bohr. This article describes a proposal for a new foundation of quantum theory, partly drawing upon ideas from statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-17 Inge S. Helland

This is a discussion of how we can understand the world-view given to us by the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics, and in particular the role played by the concept of `world'. The view presented is that we are entitled to use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Wallace

The notion of objective probability or chance, as a physical trait of the world, has proved elusive; the identification of chances with actual frequencies does not succeed. An adequate theory of chance should explain not only the connection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-16 Simon Saunders

This paper assesses the Everettian approach to the measurement problem, especially the version of that approach advocated by Simon Saunders and David Wallace. I emphasise conceptual, indeed metaphysical, aspects rather than technical ones;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jeremy Butterfield

To solve the probability problem of the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D.Wallace has presented a formal proof of the Born rule via decision theory, as proposed by D.Deutsch. The idea is to get subjective probabilities from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 André L. G. Mandolesi

The evolution of observable quantities of finite quantum systems is analyzed when the latter are subject to nondestructive measurements. The type and number of measurements characterize the level of decoherence produced in the system. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 V. I. Yukalov

The Born rule assigns a probability to any possible outcome of a quantum measurement, but leaves open the question how these probabilities are to be interpreted and, in particular, how they relate to the outcome observed in an actual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner

The quantum formalism can be completed by assuming that a density operator can also represent a pure state. An 'extended Bloch representation' (EBR) then results, in which not only states, but also the measurement-interactions can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-20 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo

It is emphasized that a many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory exists only to the extent that the associated basis problem is solved. The core basis problem is that the robust enduring states specified by environmental decoherence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Henry P. Stapp

Decoherence may not solve all of the measurement problems of quantum mechanics. It is proposed that a solution to these problems may be to allow that superpositions describe physically real systems in the following sense. Each quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Merriam

The standard postulates of quantum theory can be divided into two groups: the first one characterizes the structure and dynamics of pure states, while the second one specifies the structure of measurements and the corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-18 Thomas D. Galley , Lluis Masanes

The present paper is based upon equations obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations describe the structure of the electron as well as its motion in external fields,…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 V. A. Golovko

The Born rule for probabilities of measurement results is deduced from the set of five assumptions. The assumptions state that: (a) the state vector fully determines the probabilities of all measurement results; (b) between measurements,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-27 Alexey V. Nenashev

Measurement outcomes of a quantum state can be genuinely random (unpredictable) according to the basic laws of quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation puts constrains on the accuracy of two noncommuting observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Xiao Yuan , Ge Bai , Tianyi Peng , Xiongfeng Ma

The interpretation of quantum mechanics is an area of increasing interest to many working physicists. In particular, interest has come from those involved in quantum computing and information theory, as there has always been a strong…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Dominic Horsman

Left on its own, a quantum state evolves deterministically under the Schr\"odinger Equation, forming superpositions. Upon measurement, however, a stochastic process governed by the Born rule collapses it to a single outcome. This dual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Anderson A. Tomaz , Rafael S. Mattos , Mario Barbatti