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We study planar drawings of directed graphs in the L-drawing standard. We provide necessary conditions for the existence of these drawings and show that testing for the existence of a planar L-drawing is an NP-complete problem. Motivated by…

It is known that a graph isomorphism testing algorithm is polynomially equivalent to a detecting of a graph non-trivial automorphism algorithm. The polynomiality of the latter algorithm, is obtained by consideration of symmetry properties…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

We define $k$-dimensional digraphs and initiate a study of their spectral theory. The $k$-dimensional digraphs can be viewed as generating graphs for small categories called $k$-graphs. Guided by geometric insight, we obtain several new…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Nadia S. Larsen , Alina Vdovina

Deep learning has been shown to be successful in a number of domains, ranging from acoustics, images, to natural language processing. However, applying deep learning to the ubiquitous graph data is non-trivial because of the unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Ziwei Zhang , Peng Cui , Wenwu Zhu

A graph is $k$-planar $(k \geq 1)$ if it can be drawn in the plane such that no edge is crossed more than $k$ times. A graph is $k$-quasi planar $(k \geq 2)$ if it can be drawn in the plane with no $k$ pairwise crossing edges. The families…

Dujmovi\'c et al. [\emph{J.~ACM}~'20] recently proved that every planar graph is isomorphic to a subgraph of the strong product of a bounded treewidth graph and a path. Analogous results were obtained for graphs of bounded Euler genus or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Vida Dujmović , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

The $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm ($k$-WL) is a very useful combinatorial tool in graph isomorphism testing. We address the applicability of $k$-WL to recognition of graph properties. Let $G$ be an input graph with $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-31 Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Ilia Ponomarenko , Oleg Verbitsky

In a graph $G = (V,E)$, a k-ruling set $S$ is one in which all vertices $V$ \ $S$ are at most $k$ distance from $S$. Finding a minimum k-ruling set is intrinsically linked to the minimum dominating set problem and maximal independent set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Max Koster

Document structure analysis, such as zone segmentation and table recognition, is a complex problem in document processing and is an active area of research. The recent success of deep learning in solving various computer vision and machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Shah Rukh Qasim , Hassan Mahmood , Faisal Shafait

A graph is $k$-gap-planar if it has a drawing in the plane such that every crossing can be charged to one of the two edges involved so that at most $k$ crossings are charged to each edge. We show this class of graphs has linear expansion.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 David R. Wood

We give an algorithm that, for every fixed k, decides isomorphism of graphs of rank width at most k in polynomial time. As the clique width of a graph is bounded in terms of its rank width, we also obtain a polynomial time isomorphism test…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Martin Grohe , Pascal Schweitzer

Graph machine learning has been extensively studied in both academic and industry. However, as the literature on graph learning booms with a vast number of emerging methods and techniques, it becomes increasingly difficult to manually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Haoyang Li , Wenwu Zhu

Linear rank-width is a graph width parameter, which is a variation of rank-width by restricting its tree to a caterpillar. As a corollary of known theorems, for each $k$, there is a finite obstruction set $\mathcal{O}_k$ of graphs such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-10 Jisu Jeong , O-joung Kwon , Sang-il Oum

A power law degree distribution is established for a graph evolution model based on the graph class of k-trees. This k-tree-based graph process can be viewed as an idealized model that captures some characteristics of the preferential…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-11-27 Yong Gao

Degree-based graph construction is an ubiquitous problem in network modeling, ranging from social sciences to chemical compounds and biochemical reaction networks in the cell. This problem includes existence, enumeration, exhaustive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-08-27 Hyunju Kim , Zoltan Toroczkai , Péter L. Erdős , István Miklós , László Á. Székely

Discovering the underlying structure of a given graph is one of the fundamental goals in graph mining. Given a graph, we can often order vertices in a way that neighboring vertices have a higher probability of being connected to each other.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Nikolaj Tatti

In the analysis of large-scale network data, a fundamental operation is the comparison of observed phenomena to the predictions provided by null models: when we find an interesting structure in a family of real networks, it is important to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Katherine Van Koevering , Austin R. Benson , Jon Kleinberg

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant paradigm for graph classification. Specifically, most existing GNNs mainly rely on the message passing strategy between neighbor nodes, where the expressivity is limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lin Du , Lu Bai , Jincheng Li , Lixin Cui , Hangyuan Du , Lichi Zhang , Yuting Chen , Zhao Li

We study the densest subgraph problem and its NP-hard densest at-most-$k$ subgraph variant through the lens of learning-augmented algorithms. We show that, given a reasonably accurate predictor that estimates whether a node belongs to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Thai Bui , Luan Nguyen , Hoa T. Vu

A k-queue layout of a graph consists of a total order of the vertices, and a partition of the edges into k sets such that no two edges that are in the same set are nested with respect to the vertex ordering. A k-track layout of a graph…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-02-05 Vida Dujmovic