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The Precision Time Protocol (PTP), standardized as IEEE 1588, provides sub-microsecond synchronization across distributed systems and underpins critical infrastructure in telecommunications, finance, power systems, and industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Muhammad Abdullah Soomro , Fatima Muhammad Anwar

Clock synchronization has become essential to modern societies since many critical infrastructures depend on a precise notion of time. This paper analyzes security aspects of high-precision clock synchronization protocols, particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Robert Annessi , Joachim Fabini , Felix Iglesias , Tanja Zseby

High-precision time synchronization is a vital prerequisite for many modern applications and technologies, including Smart Grids, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and 5G networks. Although the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) can accomplish…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Andreas Finkenzeller , Oliver Butowski , Emanuel Regnath , Mohammad Hamad , Sebastian Steinhorst

Due to the increasing dependency of critical infrastructure on synchronized clocks, network time synchronization protocols have become an attractive target for attackers. We identify data origin authentication as the key security objective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Robert Annessi , Joachim Fabini , Tanja Zseby

This paper establishes a fundamental theory of secure clock synchronization. Accurate clock synchronization is the backbone of systems managing power distribution, financial transactions, telecommunication operations, database services,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Lakshay Narula , Todd Humphreys

Real-time systems rely on a distributed global time base. As any physical clock device suffers from noise, it is necessary to provide some kind of clock synchronization to establish such a global time base. Different clock synchronization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Wolfgang Wallner

This paper addresses the problem of robust clock phase offset estimation for the IEEE 1588 precision time protocol (PTP) in the presence of delay attacks. Delay attacks are one of the most effective cyber attacks in PTP, as they cannot be…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-17 Anantha K. Karthik , Rick S. Blum

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is the IEEE TaskGroupi solution for the security loop holes present in the already widely deployed 802.11 hardware. It is a set of algorithms that wrap WEP to give the best possible solution given…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-29 M. Razvi Doomun , KM Sunjiv Soyjaudah

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used by millions of hosts in Internet today to synchronize their clocks. Clock synchronization is necessary for many network applications to function correctly. Unsynchronized clock may lead to failure of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Nikhil Tripathi , Neminath Hubballi

Precise time synchronization is expected to play a key role in emerging distributed and real-time applications such as the smart grid and Internet of Things (IoT) based applications. The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is currently viewed as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Martin Levesque , David Tipper

Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require a finite-size security proof. The phase error correction (PEC) approach is one of the general strategies for security analyses that has successfully proved finite-size security for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Takaya Matsuura , Shinichiro Yamano , Yui Kuramochi , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

This thesis is concerned with rigorous security analyses of practical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, using a variety of modern proof techniques. The main results are as follows. First, we establish a security proof for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Devashish Tupkary

Accurate and tamper-resistant timestamps are essential for applications demanding verifiable chronological ordering, such as legal documentation and digital intellectual property protection. Classical timestamp protocols rely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Ming-Yang Li , Chen-Xun Weng , Wen-Bo Liu , Mengya Zhu , Zeng-Bing Chen

High-precision clock synchronization is essential for a wide range of network-distributed applications. In the quantum space, these applications include communication, sensing, and positioning. However, current synchronization techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Ravi Singh Adhikari , Aman Gupta , Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

Based on our previous work on truly concurrent process algebras APTC, we use it to verify the security protocols. This work (called Secure APTC, abbreviated SAPTC) have the following advantages in verifying security protocols: (1) It has a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yong Wang

We present a framework suited to the analysis of cryptographic protocols that make use of time in their execution. We provide a process algebra syntax that makes time information available to processes, and a transition semantics that takes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Damián Aparicio-Sánchez , Santiago Escobar , Catherine Meadows , Jose Meseguer , Julia Sapiña

We study the security of a specific authentication procedure of interest in the context of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). It works as follows: use a secret but fixed Strongly Universal$_2$ (SU$_2$) hash function and encrypt the output tag…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-26 Aysajan Abidin , Jan-Åke Larsson

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is a provisional solution for Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) security loopholes present in already widely deployed legacy 802.11 wireless devices. In this work, we model and analyse the computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-14 M. Razvi Doomun , K. M. Sunjiv Soyjaudah

As 5G networks expand into critical infrastructure, secure and efficient user authentication is more important than ever. The 5G-AKA protocol, standardized by 3GPP in TS 33.501, is central to authentication in current 5G deployments. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Nazatul H. Sultan , Xinlong Guan , Josef Pieprzyk , Wei Ni , Sharif Abuadbba , Hajime Suzuki

Secure precision time synchronization is important for applications of Cyber-Physical Systems. However, several attacks, especially the Time Delay Attack (TDA), deteriorates the performance of time synchronization system seriously. Multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yang Li , Yujie Luo , Yichen Zhang , Ao Sun , Wei Huang , Shuai Zhang , Tao Zhang , Chuang Zhou , Li Ma , Jie Yang , Mei Wu , Heng Wang , Yan Pan , Yun Shao , Xing Chen , Ziyang Chen , Song Yu , Hong Guo , Bingjie Xu
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