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Related papers: A Bayesian baseline for belief in uncommon events

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A theory of measurement uncertainty is presented, which, since it is based exclusively on the Bayesian approach and on the subjective concept of conditional probability, is applicable in the most general cases. The recent International…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-02-03 G. D'Agostini

Rare events can potentially occur in many applications. When manifested as opportunities to be exploited, risks to be ameliorated, or certain features to be extracted, such events become of paramount significance. Due to their sporadic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Ali Tajer , H. Vincent Poor

Expert systems applications that involve uncertain inference can be represented by a multidimensional contingency table. These tables offer a general approach to inferring with uncertain evidence, because they can embody any form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 David S. Vaughan , Bruce M. Perrin , Robert M. Yadrick , Peter D. Holden , Karl G. Kempf

We marshall the arguments for preferring Bayesian hypothesis testing and confidence sets to frequentist ones. We define admissible solutions to inference problems, noting that Bayesian solutions are admissible. We give seven weaker…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Roger Sewell

We study how much data a Bayesian observer needs to correctly infer the relative likelihoods of two events when both events are arbitrarily rare. Each period, either a blue die or a red die is tossed. The two dice land on side $1$ with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-11 Drew Fudenberg , Kevin He , Lorens Imhof

Modern scientific cosmology pushes the boundaries of knowledge and the knowable. This is prompting questions on the nature of scientific knowledge. A central issue is what defines a 'good' model. When addressing global properties of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Martin Sahlén

The forensic science community has increasingly sought quantitative methods for conveying the weight of evidence. Experts from many forensic laboratories summarize their findings in terms of a likelihood ratio. Several proponents of this…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-28 Steven P. Lund , Hari K. Iyer

A new method is developed to represent probabilistic relations on multiple random events. Where previously knowledge bases containing probabilistic rules were used for this purpose, here a probability distribution over the relations is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Manfred Jaeger

Forecasting techniques for assessing the power of future experiments to discriminate between theories or discover new laws of nature are of great interest in many areas of science. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian forecasting method…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-09-24 Mohammad Hossein Namjoo

The logic of uncertainty is not the logic of experience and as well as it is not the logic of chance. It is the logic of experience and chance. Experience and chance are two inseparable poles. These are two dual reflections of one essence,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-03 Oleg Yu Vorobyev

This contribution derives from a rather extensive study on the foundations of probability. We start by discussing critically the two main models of the random event in Probability Theroy and cast light over a number of incongruities. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paolo Rocchi , Leonida Gianfagna

The law of likelihood underlies a general framework, known as the likelihood paradigm, for representing and interpreting statistical evidence. As stated, the law applies only to simple hypotheses, and there have been reservations about…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-06 Zhiwei Zhang

Bayesian inference is used to estimate continuous parameter values given measured data in many fields of science. The method relies on conditional probability densities to describe information about both data and parameters, yet the notion…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Klaus Mosegaard , Andrew Curtis

Bayesian modeling provides a principled approach to quantifying uncertainty in model parameters and model structure and has seen a surge of applications in recent years. Within the context of a Bayesian workflow, we are concerned with model…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-24 Maximilian Scholz , Paul-Christian Bürkner

In this paper, the concept of possibilistic evidence which is a possibility distribution as well as a body of evidence is proposed over an infinite universe of discourse. The inference with possibilistic evidence is investigated based on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Fengming Song , Ping Liang

The Improbability Scale (IS) is proposed as a way of communicating to the general public the improbability (and by implication, the probability) of events predicted as the result of scientific research. Through the use of the Improbability…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 David J. Ritchie

A reliable modeling of uncertain evidence in Bayesian networks based on a set-valued quantification is proposed. Both soft and virtual evidences are considered. We show that evidence propagation in this setup can be reduced to standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Sabina Marchetti , Alessandro Antonucci

Language technologies that accurately model the dynamics of events must perform commonsense reasoning. Existing work evaluating commonsense reasoning focuses on making inferences about common, everyday situations. To instead investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Wenting Zhao , Justin T Chiu , Jena D. Hwang , Faeze Brahman , Jack Hessel , Sanjiban Choudhury , Yejin Choi , Xiang Lorraine Li , Alane Suhr

Many questions in experimental mathematics are fundamentally inductive in nature. Here we demonstrate how Bayesian inference --the logic of partial beliefs-- can be used to quantify the evidence that finite data provide in favor of a…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-20 Quentin F. Gronau , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

Bayesian inference provides a flexible way of combining data with prior information. However, quantile regression is not equipped with a parametric likelihood, and therefore, Bayesian inference for quantile regression demands careful…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Yunwen Yang , Xuming He
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