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After presenting a novel O(n^3) parsing algorithm for dependency grammar, we develop three contrasting ways to stochasticize it. We propose (a) a lexical affinity model where words struggle to modify each other, (b) a sense tagging model…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-06 Jason Eisner

P300 speller BCIs allow users to compose sentences by selecting target keys on a GUI through the detection of P300 component in their EEG signals following visual stimuli. Most P300 speller BCIs require users to spell words letter by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jiazhen Hong , Weinan Wang , Laleh Najafizadeh

In many current speech recognizers, a statistical language model is used to indicate how likely it is that a certain word will be spoken next, given the words recognized so far. How can statistical language models be improved so that more…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Joerg P. Ueberla

The unigram distribution is the non-contextual probability of finding a specific word form in a corpus. While of central importance to the study of language, it is commonly approximated by each word's sample frequency in the corpus. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Irene Nikkarinen , Tiago Pimentel , Damián E. Blasi , Ryan Cotterell

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

We study the problem of computing the probability that a given stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG), G, generates a string in a given regular language L(D) (given by a DFA, D). This basic problem has a number of applications in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-27 Kousha Etessami , Alistair Stewart , Mihalis Yannakakis

With the further development of informatization, more and more data is stored in the form of text. There are some loss of text during their generation and transmission. The paper aims to establish a language model based on the large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Ji Wen

While sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models achieve state-of-the-art performance in many natural language processing tasks, they can be too slow for real-time applications. One performance bottleneck is predicting the most likely next token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Chunyang Xiao , Christoph Teichmann , Konstantine Arkoudas

We describe an extension of Earley's parser for stochastic context-free grammars that computes the following quantities given a stochastic context-free grammar and an input string: a) probabilities of successive prefixes being generated by…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Andreas Stolcke

Automatic Arabic diacritization is useful in many applications, ranging from reading support for language learners to accurate pronunciation predictor for downstream tasks like speech synthesis. While most of the previous works focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Parnia Bahar , Mattia Di Gangi , Nick Rossenbach , Mohammad Zeineldeen

We propose a sentence-level language model which selects the next sentence in a story from a finite set of fluent alternatives. Since it does not need to model fluency, the sentence-level language model can focus on longer range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Daphne Ippolito , David Grangier , Douglas Eck , Chris Callison-Burch

Temporary syntactic ambiguities arise when the beginning of a sentence is compatible with multiple syntactic analyses. We inspect to which extent neural language models (LMs) exhibit uncertainty over such analyses when processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Laura Aina , Tal Linzen

In this paper we describe the linguistic processor of a spoken dialogue system. The parser receives a word graph from the recognition module as its input. Its task is to find the best path through the graph. If no complete solution can be…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Gerhard Hanrieder , Guenther Goerz

The Bangla language includes many regional dialects, adding to its cultural richness. The translation of Bangla Language into regional dialects presents a challenge due to significant variations in vocabulary, pronunciation, and sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Md. Arafat Alam Khandaker , Ziyan Shirin Raha , Bidyarthi Paul , Tashreef Muhammad

The trigram `I love being' is expected to be followed by positive words such as `happy'. In a sarcastic sentence, however, the word `ignored' may be observed. The expected and the observed words are, thus, incongruous. We model sarcasm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Aditya Joshi , Samarth Agrawal , Pushpak Bhattacharyya , Mark Carman

Most end-to-end speech recognition systems model text directly as a sequence of characters or sub-words. Current approaches to sub-word extraction only consider character sequence frequencies, which at times produce inferior sub-word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Hainan Xu , Shuoyang Ding , Shinji Watanabe

Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) translation represents a low-resource NLP task due to the lack of large-scale datasets that address sentence-level translation. Correspondingly, existing research in this field has been limited to word and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Neelavro Saha , Rafi Shahriyar , Nafis Ashraf Roudra , Saadman Sakib , Annajiat Alim Rasel

Language models (LM) for interactive speech recognition systems are trained on large amounts of data and the model parameters are optimized on past user data. New application intents and interaction types are released for these systems over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Ankur Gandhe , Ariya Rastrow , Bjorn Hoffmeister

Pretrained language models inherently exhibit various social biases, prompting a crucial examination of their social impact across various linguistic contexts due to their widespread usage. Previous studies have provided numerous methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Jayanta Sadhu , Ayan Antik Khan , Abhik Bhattacharjee , Rifat Shahriyar

Evaluating factual consistency is essential for reliable text summarization, particularly in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and news. However, most existing evaluation metrics overlook Bangla, a widely spoken yet under-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ahmed Rafid , Rumman Adib , Fariya Ahmed , Ajwad Abrar , Mohammed Saidul Islam
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