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POMDPs are useful models for systems where the true underlying state is not known completely to an outside observer; the outside observer incompletely knows the true state of the system, and observes a noisy version of the true system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Caleb M. Bowyer

In the theory of Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), existence of optimal policies have in general been established via converting the original partially observed stochastic control problem to a fully observed one on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Ali Devran Kara , Serdar Yuksel

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model a wide variety of applications ranging from game playing over robotics to finance. Their optimal policy typically maximizes the expected sum of rewards given at each step of the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Jan Olle , Thomas Fösel , Remmy Zen , Florian Marquardt

We study multi-objective reinforcement learning with nonlinear preferences over trajectories. That is, we maximize the expected value of a nonlinear function over accumulated rewards (expected scalarized return or ESR) in a multi-objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nianli Peng , Muhang Tian , Brandon Fain

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is a rich mathematical framework that embraces a large class of complex sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty with limited observations. However, the complexity of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Mingyu Park , Jaeuk Shin , Insoon Yang

We consider the problem of imitation learning from expert demonstrations in partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Belief representations, which characterize the distribution over the latent states in a POMDP, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Tanmay Gangwani , Joel Lehman , Qiang Liu , Jian Peng

We consider the problem of learning an unknown Markov Decision Process (MDP) that is weakly communicating in the infinite horizon setting. We propose a Thompson Sampling-based reinforcement learning algorithm with dynamic episodes (TSDE).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Yi Ouyang , Mukul Gagrani , Ashutosh Nayyar , Rahul Jain

Optimal policies for partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are history-dependent: Decisions are made based on the entire history of observation. Memoryless policies, which take decisions based on the last observation only,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-06 Victor Cohen , Axel Parmentier

Learning-based approaches to verifying unknown Markov decision processes (MDPs) often employ uncertain MDPs. These models use, for example, confidence intervals to capture transition uncertainty and allow synthesis of policies that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yannik Schnitzer , Alessandro Abate , David Parker

We consider partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) modeling an agent that needs a supply of a certain resource (e.g., electricity stored in batteries) to operate correctly. The resource is consumed by agent's actions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Michal Ajdarów , Šimon Brlej , Petr Novotný

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has made considerable advances in simulated and physical robot control tasks, especially when problems admit a fully observed Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation. When observations only partially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lingheng Meng , Rob Gorbet , Michael Burke , Dana Kulić

This paper studies the synthesis of a joint control and active perception policy for a stochastic system modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), subject to temporal logic specifications. The POMDP actions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-21 Chongyang Shi , Michael R. Dorothy , Jie Fu

Solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) requires computing policies under imperfect state information. Despite recent advances, the scalability of existing POMDP solvers remains limited. Moreover, many settings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 David Hudák , Maris F. L. Galesloot , Martin Tappler , Martin Kurečka , Nils Jansen , Milan Češka

This paper discusses theoretical and experimental aspects of gradient-based approaches to the direct optimization of policy performance in controlled POMDPs. We introduce GPOMDP, a REINFORCE-like algorithm for estimating an approximation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jonathan Baxter , Peter L. Bartlett

The state-of-the-art multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have provided promising solutions to a variety of complex problems. Yet, these methods all assume that agents perform synchronized primitive-action executions so that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuchen Xiao

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are widely used in probabilistic planning problems in which an agent interacts with an environment using noisy and imprecise sensors. We study a setting in which the sensors are only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin Chmelik , Ufuk Topcu

This paper investigates manipulation of multiple unknown objects in a crowded environment. Because of incomplete knowledge due to unknown objects and occlusions in visual observations, object observations are imperfect and action success is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2014-07-09 Joni Pajarinen , Ville Kyrki

We introduce a reinforcement learning framework for economic design where the interaction between the environment designer and the participants is modeled as a Stackelberg game. In this game, the designer (leader) sets up the rules of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Gianluca Brero , Alon Eden , Darshan Chakrabarti , Matthias Gerstgrasser , Amy Greenwald , Vincent Li , David C. Parkes

This paper addresses the challenge of offline policy learning in reinforcement learning with continuous action spaces when unmeasured confounders are present. While most existing research focuses on policy evaluation within partially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-02 Yuhan Li , Eugene Han , Yifan Hu , Wenzhuo Zhou , Zhengling Qi , Yifan Cui , Ruoqing Zhu

We study episodic reinforcement learning in non-stationary linear (a.k.a. low-rank) Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), i.e, both the reward and transition kernel are linear with respect to a given feature map and are allowed to evolve either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Ahmed Touati , Pascal Vincent