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This paper proposes a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) language model that takes advantage of character information. We focus on character n-grams based on research in the field of word embedding construction (Wieting et al. 2016). Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Sho Takase , Jun Suzuki , Masaaki Nagata

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used in computational neuroscience and machine learning applications. In an RNN, each neuron computes its output as a nonlinear function of its integrated input. While the importance of RNNs,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2012-07-10 Sebastian Bitzer , Stefan J. Kiebel

Neural language models (LMs) based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) are some of the most successful word and character-level LMs. Why do they work so well, in particular better than linear neural LMs? Possible explanations are that RNNs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-06-21 Marius Pachitariu , Maneesh Sahani

Why do modern language models, trained to do well on next-word prediction, appear to generate coherent documents and capture long-range structure? Here we show that next-token prediction is provably powerful for learning longer-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xinyuan Cao , Santosh S. Vempala

Increased adaptability of RNN language models leads to improved predictions that benefit many applications. However, current methods do not take full advantage of the RNN structure. We show that the most widely-used approach to adaptation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Aaron Jaech , Mari Ostendorf

It is known that Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) can remember, in their hidden layers, part of the semantic information expressed by a sequence (e.g., a sentence) that is being processed. Different types of recurrent units have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Cheng Zhang , Qiuchi Li , Lingyu Hua , Dawei Song

A core technology that has emerged from the artificial intelligence revolution is the recurrent neural network (RNN). Its unique sequence-based architecture provides a tractable likelihood estimate with stable training paradigms, a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-07-01 Mohamed Hibat-Allah , Martin Ganahl , Lauren E. Hayward , Roger G. Melko , Juan Carrasquilla

Neural networks have a remarkable capacity for contextual processing--using recent or nearby inputs to modify processing of current input. For example, in natural language, contextual processing is necessary to correctly interpret negation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Niru Maheswaranathan , David Sussillo

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks tend to suffer from a paucity of suitably annotated training data, hence the recent success of transfer learning across a wide variety of them. The typical recipe involves: (i) training a deep,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Lyan Verwimp , Jerome R. Bellegarda

Named entity recognition often fails in idiosyncratic domains. That causes a problem for depending tasks, such as entity linking and relation extraction. We propose a generic and robust approach for high-recall named entity recognition. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Sebastian Arnold , Felix A. Gers , Torsten Kilias , Alexander Löser

Processing sequential data of variable length is a major challenge in a wide range of applications, such as speech recognition, language modeling, generative image modeling and machine translation. Here, we address this challenge by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Asier Mujika , Florian Meier , Angelika Steger

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can learn continuous vector representations of symbolic structures such as sequences and sentences; these representations often exhibit linear regularities (analogies). Such regularities motivate our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-06 R. Thomas McCoy , Tal Linzen , Ewan Dunbar , Paul Smolensky

We propose tensorial neural networks (TNNs), a generalization of existing neural networks by extending tensor operations on low order operands to those on high order ones. The problem of parameter learning is challenging, as it corresponds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-11 Jiahao Su , Jingling Li , Bobby Bhattacharjee , Furong Huang

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many diverse tasks, from machine translation to surgical activity recognition, yet training RNNs to capture long-term dependencies remains difficult. To date,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Robert DiPietro , Christian Rupprecht , Nassir Navab , Gregory D. Hager

This work proposes Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models to predict structured 'image situations' -- actions and noun entities fulfilling semantic roles related to the action. In contrast to prior work relying on Conditional Random Fields…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Arun Mallya , Svetlana Lazebnik

With the proliferation of Deep Machine Learning into real-life applications, a particular property of this technology has been brought to attention: robustness Neural Networks notoriously present low robustness and can be highly sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Marco Casadio , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Verena Rieser , Matthew L. Daggitt , Daniel Kienitz , Luca Arnaboldi , Wen Kokke

Deep learning has gained much success in sentence-level relation classification. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have delivered competitive performance without much effort on feature engineering as the conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Dongxu Zhang , Dong Wang

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), and Memory Networks which contain memory are popularly used to learn patterns in sequential data. Sequential data has long sequences that hold relationships. RNN can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong , Ferdous Sohel , Hong Xie

The extension of deep learning towards temporal data processing is gaining an increasing research interest. In this paper we investigate the properties of state dynamics developed in successive levels of deep recurrent neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Claudio Gallicchio

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of nonlinear dynamical systems often used to model sequence-to-sequence maps. RNNs have excellent expressive power but lack the stability or robustness guarantees that are necessary for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Max Revay , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester