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Integrated Information Theory is one of the leading models of consciousness. It aims to describe both the quality and quantity of the conscious experience of a physical system, such as the brain, in a particular state. In this contribution,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-19 Johannes Kleiner , Sean Tull

More than a speculative technology, quantum computing seems to challenge our most basic intuitions about how the physical world should behave. In this thesis I show that, while some intuitions from classical computer science must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

As Large Language Models become more ubiquitous across domains, it becomes important to examine their inherent limitations critically. This work argues that hallucinations in language models are not just occasional errors but an inevitable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-10 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Saloni Singla

This article presents and grounds (i.e. presents proof of the existence, the truth, the self-consistence and the completeness of) the informational concept ("the Information as Absolute" concept) in philosophy and sciences, which was…

General Physics · Physics 2023-04-27 Sergey V. Shevchenko , Vladimir V. Tokarevsky

This article briefly discusses the philosophical and technical aspects of AI. It focuses on two concepts of understanding: intuition and causality, and highlights three AI technologies: Transformers, chain-of-thought reasoning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yu Wang

Superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds. In light of recent advances in machine intelligence, a number of scientists, philosophers and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Manuel Alfonseca , Manuel Cebrian , Antonio Fernandez Anta , Lorenzo Coviello , Andres Abeliuk , Iyad Rahwan

This article addresses an open problem in the area of cognitive systems and architectures: namely the problem of handling (in terms of processing and reasoning capabilities) complex knowledge structures that can be at least plausibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Antonio Lieto

Understanding is a crucial yet elusive concept in artificial intelligence (AI). This work proposes a framework for analyzing understanding based on the notion of composability. Given any subject (e.g., a person or an AI), we suggest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Zijian Zhang , Sara Aronowitz , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

There are investigated the generalized methods of cognition of the Existing, i.e. everything that is able to influence to the cognizer, and everything differed from the Existing is postulated as indistinguishable from the non-existing and…

General Physics · Physics 2017-08-18 Andrey V. Novikov-Borodin

Complementarity is one of the main features of quantum physics that radically departs from classical notions. Here we consider the limitations that this principle imposes due to the unpredictability of measurement outcomes of incompatible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 F. E. S. Steinhoff , M. C. de Oliveira

The quest to understand consciousness, once the purview of philosophers and theologians, is now actively pursued by scientists of many stripes. We examine consciousness from the perspective of theoretical computer science (TCS), a branch of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Lenore Blum , Manuel Blum

Intelligence is a fundamental part of all living things, as well as the foundation for Artificial Intelligence. In this primer we explore the ideas associated with intelligence and, by doing so, understand the implications and constraints…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Karl Fezer , Andrew Sloss

We give a survey of current research on G\"{o}del's incompleteness theorems from the following three aspects: classifications of different proofs of G\"{o}del's incompleteness theorems, the limit of the applicability of G\"{o}del's first…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Yong Cheng

In the last years the debate on complexity has been developing and developing in transdisciplinary way to meet the need of explanation for highly organized collective behaviors and sophisticated hierarchical arrangements in physical,…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-26 Ignazio Licata

Recent high-precision experimental confirmations of quantum complementarity have revitalized foundational debates about measurement, description, and realism. This article argues that complementarity is most productively interpreted as an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-23 Lalit Kumar Shukla

We revisit the question (most famously) initiated by Turing: can human intelligence be completely modeled by a Turing machine? We show that the answer is \emph{no}, assuming a certain weak soundness hypothesis. More specifically we show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Yasha Savelyev

The fundamental aim of the paper is to correct an harmful way to interpret a Goedel's erroneous remark at the Congress of Koenigsberg in 1930. Despite the Goedel's fault is rather venial, its misreading has produced and continues to produce…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-09-15 Giuseppe Raguni

Can scientific discovery be made arbitrarily easy by choosing the right representation, collecting enough data, and deploying sufficiently powerful algorithms? This paper argues that the answer is fundamentally negative. We introduce the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Angshul Majumdar

The quantification of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in terms of conditional entropy and mutual information, respectively, has recently become quite common in machine learning. While the properties of these measures, which are rooted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Lisa Wimmer , Yusuf Sale , Paul Hofman , Bern Bischl , Eyke Hüllermeier

The information in an individual finite object (like a binary string) is commonly measured by its Kolmogorov complexity. One can divide that information into two parts: the information accounting for the useful regularity present in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Paul Vitanyi