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Representation theory is shown to be incomplete in terms of enumerating all integrable limits of quantum systems. As a consequence, one can find exactly solvable Hamiltonians which have apparently strongly broken symmetry. The number of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Dimitri Kusnezov

Some Goedel centenary reflections on whether incompleteness is really serious, and whether mathematics should be done somewhat differently, based on using algorithmic complexity measured in bits of information. [Enriques lecture given…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. J. Chaitin

Classical interpretations of Goedel's formal reasoning imply that the truth of some arithmetical propositions of any formal mathematical language, under any interpretation, is essentially unverifiable. However, a language of general,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bhupinder Singh Anand

A fundamental problem in science is how to make logical inferences from scientific data. Mere data does not suffice since additional information is necessary to select a domain of models or hypotheses and thus determine the likelihood of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Moorad Alexanian

In this note we observe that automated theorem provers (ATPs) that recursively enumerate theorems in a particular way will fail to identify some valid theorems for a reason that is analogous to how G\"odel proved the existence of what are…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Jeffrey Uhlmann

Due to common misconceptions about the Church-Turing thesis, it has been widely assumed that the Turing machine provides an upper bound on what is computable. This is not so. The new field of hypercomputation studies models of computation…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toby Ord

This is a philosophical paper. It claims that there is a gap to be filled in the relationship between complexity theory (CT) and quantum theory (QT). This gap concerns two very distinct understandings of time. The paper provides the ground…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Carlos Eduardo Maldonado

Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem is generalized to definable theories, which are not necessarily recursively enumerable, by using a couple of syntactic-semantic notions, one is the consistency of a theory with the set of all true…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Saeed Salehi , Payam Seraji

Explainability and comprehensibility of AI are important requirements for intelligent systems deployed in real-world domains. Users want and frequently need to understand how decisions impacting them are made. Similarly it is important to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Roman V. Yampolskiy

We survey concepts at the frontier of research connecting artificial, animal and human cognition to computation and information processing---from the Turing test to Searle's Chinese Room argument, from Integrated Information Theory to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Nicolas Gauvrit , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegnér

We give a new proof for Godel's second incompleteness theorem, based on Kolmogorov complexity, Chaitin's incompleteness theorem, and an argument that resembles the surprise examination paradox. We then go the other way around and suggest…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-11-24 Shira Kritchman , Ran Raz

The current state-of-the-art in artificial intelligence is impressive, especially in terms of mastery of language, but not so much in terms of mathematical reasoning. What could be missing? Can we learn something useful about that gap from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin

Different from the view that information is objective reality, this paper adopts the idea that all information needs to be compiled by the interpreter before it can be observed. From the traditional complexity definition, this paper defines…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhifeng Ma , Tianyi Wu , Zhangang Han

We approach the question "What is Consciousness?" in a new way, not as Descartes' "systematic doubt", but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one's way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-30 Stuart A. Kauffman , Andrea Roli

We define instantiational and algorithmic completeness for a formal language. We show that, in the presence of Church's Thesis, an alternative interpretation of Goedelian incompleteness is that Peano Arithmetic is instantiationally…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bhupinder Singh Anand

We present a version of G\"odel's Second Incompleteness Theorem for recursively enumerable consistent extensions of a fixed axiomatizable theory, by incorporating some bi-theoretic version of the derivability conditions. We also argue that…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Saeed Salehi

Existing physical theories do not predict every feature of our experience but only certain regularities of that experience. That difference between what could be observed and what can be predicted is one kind of limit on scientific…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 James B. Hartle

A rather easy yet rigorous proof of a version of G\"odel's first incompleteness theorem is presented. The version is "each recursively enumerable theory of natural numbers with 0, 1, +, *, =, logical and, logical not, and the universal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Antti Valmari

The purpose of this article is to provide an overall critical appraisal of Integrated Information Theory(IIT) of consciousness. We explore how it has evolved and what problems are involved in the theory. IIT is a hypothesis that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-02 Kyumin Moon , Hongju Pae

The necessary information for specifying a complex system may not be completely accessible to us, i.e., to mathematical treatments. This is not to be confounded with the incompleteness of our knowledge about whatever systems or nature,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Qiuping A. Wang