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Lifelong learning requires models that can continuously learn from sequential streams of data without suffering catastrophic forgetting due to shifts in data distributions. Deep learning models have thrived in the non-sequential learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Nithin Holla , Pushkar Mishra , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Designing an effective reward function has long been a challenge in reinforcement learning, particularly for complex tasks in unstructured environments. To address this, various learning paradigms have emerged that leverage different forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Somtochukwu Oguchienti , Maheed H. Ahmed , Mahsa Ghasemi

This paper addresses key challenges in task scheduling for multi-tenant distributed systems, including dynamic resource variation, heterogeneous tenant demands, and fairness assurance. An adaptive scheduling method based on reinforcement…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xiaopei Zhang , Xingang Wang , Xin Wang

Students in online courses generate large amounts of data that can be used to personalize the learning process and improve quality of education. In this paper, we present the Latent Skill Embedding (LSE), a probabilistic model of students…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Siddharth Reddy , Igor Labutov , Thorsten Joachims

Stochastic resetting, where a dynamical process is intermittently returned to a fixed reference state, has emerged as a powerful mechanism for optimizing first-passage properties. Existing theory largely treats static, non-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jello Zhou , Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn , David J. Schwab

The knowledge replay technique has been widely used in many tasks such as continual learning and continuous domain adaptation. The key lies in how to effectively encode the knowledge extracted from previous data and replay them during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yingying Zhang , Qiaoyong Zhong , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Spaced repetition systems are fundamental to efficient learning and memory retention, but existing algorithms often struggle with semantic interference and personalized adaptation. We present LECTOR (\textbf{L}LM-\textbf{E}nhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiahao Zhao

Data is one of the most important factors in machine learning. However, even if we have high-quality data, there is a situation in which access to the data is restricted. For example, access to the medical data from outside is strictly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Hyo-Eun Kim , Seungwook Kim , Jaehwan Lee

This paper introduces intermittent learning - the goal of which is to enable energy harvested computing platforms capable of executing certain classes of machine learning tasks effectively and efficiently. We identify unique challenges to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Seulki Lee , Bashima Islam , Yubo Luo , Shahriar Nirjon

High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are used across a wide range of disciplines for both large and complex computations. HPC systems often receive many thousands of computational tasks at a time, colloquially referred to as jobs. These…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Elliot Kolker-Hicks , Di Zhang , Dong Dai

We consider online reinforcement learning in episodic Markov decision process (MDP) with unknown transition function and stochastic rewards drawn from some fixed but unknown distribution. The learner aims to learn the optimal policy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Vincent Leon , S. Rasoul Etesami

Humans learn and form memories in stochastic environments. Auto-associative memory systems model these processes by storing patterns and later recovering them from corrupted versions. Here, memories are learned by associating each pattern…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Qin He , Jing Shuang Li

Federated learning (FL) has received significant attention in recent years for its advantages in efficient training of machine learning models across distributed clients without disclosing user-sensitive data. Specifically, in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chung-Hsuan Hu , Zheng Chen , Erik G. Larsson

Reviewing plays an important role when learning knowledge. The knowledge acquisition at a certain time point may be strongly inspired with the help of previous experience. Thus the knowledge growing procedure should show strong relationship…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dongwei Wang , Zhi Han , Yanmei Wang , Xiai Chen , Baichen Liu , Yandong Tang

Continual learning aims to provide intelligent agents capable of learning multiple tasks sequentially with neural networks. One of its main challenging, catastrophic forgetting, is caused by the neural networks non-optimal ability to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Continual learning -- the ability to acquire knowledge incrementally without forgetting previous skills -- is fundamental to natural intelligence. While the human brain excels at this, artificial neural networks struggle with "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aoi Otani

Continual learning, the setting where a learning agent is faced with a never ending stream of data, continues to be a great challenge for modern machine learning systems. In particular the online or "single-pass through the data" setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Rahaf Aljundi , Lucas Caccia , Eugene Belilovsky , Massimo Caccia , Min Lin , Laurent Charlin , Tinne Tuytelaars

Token representations in high-dimensional latent spaces often exhibit redundancy, limiting computational efficiency and reducing structural coherence across model layers. Hierarchical latent space folding introduces a structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Fenella Harcourt , Naderdel Piero , Gilbert Sutherland , Daphne Holloway , Harriet Bracknell , Julian Ormsby

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for extracting valuable information from large volumes of data. However, when new training data arrives continuously (i.e., is not fully available from the beginning), incremental training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thomas Bouvier , Bogdan Nicolae , Hugo Chaugier , Alexandru Costan , Ian Foster , Gabriel Antoniu

It has been observed that neural networks perform poorly when the data or tasks are presented sequentially. Unlike humans, neural networks suffer greatly from catastrophic forgetting, making it impossible to perform life-long learning. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Longhui Yu , Tianyang Hu , Lanqing Hong , Zhen Liu , Adrian Weller , Weiyang Liu