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Thermodynamics is traditionally concerned with systems comprised of a large number of particles. Here we present a framework for extending thermodynamics to individual quantum systems, including explicitly a thermal bath and work-storage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-29 Paul Skrzypczyk , Anthony J. Short , Sandu Popescu

We formulate the work output and efficiency for linear irreversible heat engines working between a finite-sized hot heat source and an infinite-sized cold heat reservoir until the total system reaches the final thermal equilibrium state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yuki Izumida , Koji Okuda

The unavoidable irreversible losses of power in a heat engine are found to be of quantum origin. Following thermodynamic tradition a model quantum heat engine operating by the Otto cycle is analyzed. The working medium of the model is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yair Rezek , Ronnie Kosloff

We study a quantum thermal engine model for which the heat transfer law is determined by Einstein's theory of radiation. The working substance of the quantum engine is assumed to be a two-level quantum systems of which the constituent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-11-30 H. Yan , Hao Guo

With in the extended thermodynamics, we give a comparative study of critical heat engines for Gauss-Bonnet and charged black holes in AdS in five dimensions, in the limit of large Gauss-Bonnet parameter $\alpha$ and charge $q$,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-11 Chandrasekhar Bhamidipati , Pavan Kumar Yerra

We derive general trade-off relations among the power, efficiency, and constancy for two-terminal thermoelectric systems in the linear response regime. Constancy, which quantifies the steadiness of the heat engine, is measured by its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-09 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Liwei Chen , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

We revisit the optimization of performance of finite-time Carnot machines satisfying the low-dissipation assumption. The standard procedure seeks to optimize an objective function, such as power output of the engine, over the durations of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-11-06 Ramandeep S. Johal

The efficiency of any heat engine, defined as the ratio of average work output to heat input, is bounded by Carnot's celebrated result. However, this measure is insufficient to characterize the properties of miniaturized heat engines…

We study the extended thermodynamical properties of the charged black hole in Horndeski model with the $k$-essence sector. Then we define a holographic heat engine via the black hole. We compute the engine efficiency in the large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-15 Shi-Qian Hu , Xiao-Mei Kuang

We construct a generic model for a heat engine using information theory concepts, attributing irreversible energy dissipation to the information transmission channels. Using several forms for the channel capacity, classical and quantum, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Yun Zhou , Dvira Segal

Optimisation of heat engines at the micro-scale has applications in biological and artificial nano-technology, and stimulates theoretical research in non-equilibrium statistical physics. Here we consider non-interacting overdamped particles…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-02 Giulia Gronchi , Andrea Puglisi

We investigate maximum efficiency at a given power for low-dissipation heat engines. Close to maximum power, the maximum gain in efficiency scales as a square root of relative loss in power and this scaling is universal for a broad class of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-07-12 Viktor Holubec , Artem Ryabov

Continuous particle exchange thermal machines require no time-dependent driving, can be realised in solid-state electronic devices, and miniaturised to nanometre scale. Quantum dots, providing a narrow energy filter and allowing to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Eugenia Pyurbeeva , Ronnie Kosloff

We study a quantum Stirling cycle which extracts work using quantized energy levels of a potential well. The work and the efficiency of the engine depend on the length of the potential well, and the Carnot efficiency is approached in a low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-22 George Thomas , Debmalya Das , Sibasish Ghosh

We demonstrate the possibility to build a thermoelectric engine using a one dimensional gas of molecules with unequal masses and hard-point interaction. Most importantly, we show that the efficiency of this engine is determined by a new…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jiao Wang , Giulio Casati , Tomaz Prosen , C. -H. Lai

The quantum engine cycle serves as an analogous representation of the macroscopic nature of heat engines and the quantum regime of thermal devices composed of a single element. In this work, we follow the formalism of a quantum engine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-23 Oladimeji Enock , Umeh Emmanuel , Abamba Oghenetega

It is known that an engine with ideal efficiency ($\eta =1$ for a chemical engine and $e = e_{\rm Carnot}$ for a thermal one) has zero power because a reversible cycle takes an infinite time. However, at least from a theoretical point of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Jesper Koning , Joseph O. Indekeu

It is well known that Carnot cycle is the thermodynamic cycle which has the best thermal efficiency. However, an entire class of cycles exists that can have the same maximum efficiency: this class is that of the regenerative Reitlinger…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-10-05 Amelia Carolina Sparavigna

We adopt a geometric approach to describe the performance of adiabatic quantum machines, operating under slow time-dependent driving and in contact to two or more reservoirs with a temperature bias during all the cycle. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-29 Pablo Terren Alonso , Paolo Abiuso , Marti Perarnau-Llobet , Liliana Arrachea

Working in the extended black hole thermodynamics where a dynamical cosmological constant defines a thermodynamic pressure p, we study the efficiency of heat engines that perform mechanical work via the pdV terms now present in the First…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-30 Clifford V. Johnson