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We have developed a Monte Carlo technique for self-consistently calculating the hydrodynamic structure of oblique, steady-state shocks, together with the first-order Fermi acceleration process and associated non-thermal particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Donald C. Ellison , Matthew G. Baring , Frank C. Jones

We examine Fermi-type acceleration at relativistic shocks, and distinguish between the initial boost of the first shock crossing cycle, where the energy gain per particle can be very large, and the Fermi process proper with repeated shock…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Yves A. Gallant , Abraham Achterberg , John G. Kirk , Axel W. Guthmann

High-resolution radio observations of nearby active galactic nuclei have revealed extended, limb-brightened structures in their inner jets. This ties in with other multi-wavelength observations from radio to X-ray and gamma-ray, indicating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-15 Jieshuang Wang , Frank M. Rieger , Yosuke Mizuno

Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks is studied analytically in the test-particle, small-angle scattering limit, for an arbitrary velocity-angle diffusion function D. Accurate analytic expressions for the spectral index s are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Uri Keshet

Energetic particles in a turbulent medium can be subject to second-order Fermi acceleration due to scattering on moving plasma waves. This mechanism leads to growing particle momentum dispersion and, at the same time, increases the mean…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 M. Ostrowski , G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło

We give a new coherent description of the first-order Fermi acceleration of particles in shock waves from the point of view of stochastic process of the individual particles, under the test particle approximation. The time development of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Tsunehiko N. Kato , Fumio Takahara

The broad-band spectral distributions of non-thermal sources, such as those of several known blazars, are well described by a log-parabolic fit. The second degree term in these fits measures the curvature in the spectrum. In this paper we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 A. Tramacere , E. Massaro , A. M. Taylor

We describe the theory of Fermi-type acceleration, including first-order Fermi acceleration at a parallel shock front and second-order Fermi acceleration in a test particle limit. Including the theory of the turbulent acceleration and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-11 Y. G. Zheng , G. B. Long , C. Y. Yang , J. M. Bai

The modelling of fluid particle accelerations in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence in terms of second-order stochastic models for the Lagrangian velocity is considered. The basis for the Reynolds model (A. M. Reynolds, \textit{Phys. Rev.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 A. G. Lamorgese , S. B. Pope , P. K. Yeung , B. L. Sawford

This work presents a model for generating nonthermal power-law tails of particles' energy probability density functions in turbulent collisionless plasmas, applicable to both non-relativistic and relativistic scenarios. We propose that…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Stanislav Boldyrev , Daniel Humphrey , Vadim Roytershteyn

Turbulent, relativistic nonthermal plasmas are ubiquitous in high-energy astrophysical systems, as inferred from broadband nonthermal emission spectra. The underlying turbulent nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA) processes have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-08 Kai W. Wong , Vladimir Zhdankin , Dmitri A. Uzdensky , Gregory R. Werner , Mitchell C. Begelman

Relativistic sources, e.g. gamma-ray bursts, pulsar wind nebulae and powerful active galactic nuclei produce relativistic outflows that lead to the formation of collisionless shock waves, where particle acceleration is thought to take…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Martin Lemoine , Guy Pelletier

A heuristic approach for collisionless perpendicular diffusion of energetic particles is presented. Analytic forms for the corresponding diffusion coefficient are derived. The heuristic approach presented here explains the parameter $a^2$…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-04 A. Shalchi

We show how to find the physical Langevin equation describing the trajectories of particles undergoing collisionless stochastic acceleration. These stochastic differential equations retain not only one-, but two-particle statistics, and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-12-17 J. W. Burby , A. I. Zhmoginov , H. Qin

This proceedings paper reports on the theoretical modelling of particle acceleration in magnetised turbulent plasmas. It briefly reviews some recent findings obtained from fully kinetic numerical simulations of large-amplitude, semi to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-18 M. Lemoine

Turbulent magnetic fields are to some extent a universal feature in astrophysical phenomena. Charged particles that encounter these turbulence get on average accelerated according to the so-called second-order Fermi process. However, in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-25 Dominik Walter , Björn Eichmann

We investigate the possibility of stochastic acceleration of background low-energy electrons by turbulent plasma waves. We consider the resonant interaction of the charged particles with all branches of the transverse plasma waves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Julia M. Pryadko , Vahe Petrosian

Powerful stellar winds and supernova explosions with intense energy release in the form of strong shock waves can convert a sizeable part of the kinetic energy release into energetic particles. The starforming regions are argued as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 A. M. Bykov , P. E. Gladilin , S. M. Osipov

Stationary solutions to the equations of non-linear diffusive shock acceleration play a fundamental role in the theory of cosmic-ray acceleration. Their existence usually requires that a fraction of the accelerated particles be allowed to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 B. Reville , J. G. Kirk , P. Duffy

We present a model for the creation of non-thermal particles via diffusive shock acceleration in a colliding-wind binary. Our model accounts for the oblique nature of the global shocks bounding the wind-wind collision region and the finite…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-28 J. M. Pittard , G. E. Romero , G. S. Vila