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Syntax is usually studied in the realm of linguistics and refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence. Similarly, an image can be considered as a visual 'sentence', with the semantic parts of the image acting as 'words'. While visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Soumyadeep Chandra , Kaushik Roy

Improving distant speech recognition is a crucial step towards flexible human-machine interfaces. Current technology, however, still exhibits a lack of robustness, especially when adverse acoustic conditions are met. Despite the significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-27 Mirco Ravanelli , Philemon Brakel , Maurizio Omologo , Yoshua Bengio

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of machine learning tasks by leveraging hierarchical feature learning through deep architectures. However, the large number of layers and millions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Biyi Fang , Truong Vo , Jean Utke , Diego Klabjan

Time, cost, and energy efficiency are critical considerations in Deep-Learning (DL), particularly when processing long texts. Transformers, which represent the current state of the art, exhibit quadratic computational complexity relative to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Fardin Rastakhiz

This paper presents a new optimisation approach to train Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with discriminative sequence criteria. At each iteration, the method combines information from the Natural Gradient (NG) direction with local curvature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Adnan Haider , P. C. Woodland

Algorithmic latency in speech processing is dominated by the frame length used for Fourier analysis, which in turn limits the achievable performance of magnitude-centric approaches. As previous studies suggest the importance of phase grows…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-26 Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

In this work, we propose a training algorithm for an audio-visual automatic speech recognition (AV-ASR) system using deep recurrent neural network (RNN).First, we train a deep RNN acoustic model with a Connectionist Temporal Classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-10 Abhinav Thanda , Shankar M Venkatesan

The advent of large scale neural computational platforms has highlighted the lack of algorithms for synthesis of neural structures to perform predefined cognitive tasks. The Neural Engineering Framework offers one such synthesis, but it is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-04-29 J. Tapson , G. Cohen , S. Afshar , K. Stiefel , Y. Buskila , R. Wang , T. J. Hamilton , A. van Schaik

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming increasingly deeper, wider, and non-linear due to the growing demands on prediction accuracy and analysis quality. When training a DNN model, the intermediate activation data must be saved in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Sian Jin , Guanpeng Li , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Dingwen Tao

This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inspired by Multitask Learning (MTL) and based on speech features trained under the joint supervision of softmax loss and center loss, a powerful metric learning strategy, for the…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Suraj Tripathi , Abhiram Ramesh , Abhay Kumar , Chirag Singh , Promod Yenigalla

In this paper we investigate the GMM-derived (GMMD) features for adaptation of deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models. The adaptation of the DNN trained on GMMD features is done through the maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-17 Natalia Tomashenko , Yuri Khokhlov , Yannick Esteve

In this paper, we present a deep neural network (DNN)-based acoustic scene classification framework. Two hierarchical learning methods are proposed to improve the DNN baseline performance by incorporating the hierarchical taxonomy…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Yong Xu , Qiang Huang , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley

Multi-speaker speech synthesis is a technique for modeling multiple speakers' voices with a single model. Although many approaches using deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proposed, DNNs are prone to overfitting when the amount of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-10 Kentaro Mitsui , Tomoki Koriyama , Hiroshi Saruwatari

In recent years, speech enhancement (SE) has achieved impressive progress with the success of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the DNN approach usually fails to generalize well to unseen environmental noise that is not included in the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Haoyu Li , Junichi Yamagishi

Recent progress in speech separation has been largely driven by advances in deep neural networks, yet their high computational and memory requirements hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. A significant inefficiency in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Mohamed Elminshawi , Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Emanuël A. P. Habets

Nowadays deep learning is dominating the field of machine learning with state-of-the-art performance in various application areas. Recently, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been attracting a great deal of attention, notably owning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Seongsik Park , Sang-gil Lee , Hyunha Nam , Sungroh Yoon

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as the time-delay neural network (TDNN), have shown their remarkable capability in learning speaker embedding. However, they meanwhile bring a huge computational cost in storage size, processing,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Rui Wang , Zhihua Wei , Haoran Duan , Shouling Ji , Yang Long , Zhen Hong

AI-synthesized speech, also known as deepfake speech, has recently raised significant concerns due to the rapid advancement of speech synthesis and speech conversion techniques. Previous works often rely on distinguishing synthesizer…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kuiyuan Zhang , Zhongyun Hua , Yushu Zhang , Yifang Guo , Tao Xiang

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used for document classification. However, most existing methods are based on static word co-occurrence graphs without sentence-level information, which poses three challenges:(1) word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yinhua Piao , Sangseon Lee , Dohoon Lee , Sun Kim

Many efforts have been devoted to training generative latent variable models with autoregressive decoders, such as recurrent neural networks (RNN). Stochastic recurrent models have been successful in capturing the variability observed in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-17 Anirudh Goyal , Alessandro Sordoni , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Nan Rosemary Ke , Yoshua Bengio