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An approach to improve neural network interpretability is via clusterability, i.e., splitting a model into disjoint clusters that can be studied independently. We define a measure for clusterability and show that pre-trained models form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Satvik Golechha , Maheep Chaudhary , Joan Velja , Alessandro Abate , Nandi Schoots

Clustering algorithms rely on complex optimisation processes that may be difficult to comprehend, especially for individuals who lack technical expertise. While many explainable artificial intelligence techniques exist for supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aurora Spagnol , Kacper Sokol , Pietro Barbiero , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

Detecting multimodality in empirical distributions is a fundamental problem in statistics and data analysis, with applications ranging from clustering to the study of complex systems. In practice, however, assessing departures from…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Edoardo Di Martino , Matteo Cinelli , Roy Cerqueti

Biclustering is a method for detecting homogeneous submatrices in a given observed matrix, and it is an effective tool for relational data analysis. Although there are many studies that estimate the underlying bicluster structure of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-16 Chihiro Watanabe , Taiji Suzuki

Clustering is an important research topic for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A large variety of approaches has been presented focusing on different performance metrics. Even though all of them have many practical applications, an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-07-11 Dimitrios Amaxilatis , Ioannis Chatzigiannakis , Christos Koninis , Apostolos Pyrgelis

We define the notion of a well-clusterable data set combining the point of view of the objective of $k$-means clustering algorithm (minimising the centric spread of data elements) and common sense (clusters shall be separated by gaps). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

This paper proposes an early detection method for cluster structural changes. Cluster structure refers to discrete structural characteristics, such as the number of clusters, when data are represented using finite mixture models, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-28 Kento Urano , Ryo Yuki , Kenji Yamanishi

Finding meaningful groups, i.e., clusters, in high-dimensional data such as images or texts without labeled data at hand is an important challenge in data mining. In recent years, deep clustering methods have achieved remarkable results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Collin Leiber , Niklas Strauß , Matthias Schubert , Thomas Seidl

Supervised classification can be effective for prediction but sometimes weak on interpretability or explainability (XAI). Clustering, on the other hand, tends to isolate categories or profiles that can be meaningful but there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Vincent Lemaire , Oumaima Alaoui Ismaili , Antoine Cornuéjols , Dominique Gay

The two most extended density-based approaches to clustering are surely mixture model clustering and modal clustering. In the mixture model approach, the density is represented as a mixture and clusters are associated to the different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-16 José E. Chacón

When scholars suspect units are dependent on each other within clusters but independent of each other across clusters, they employ cluster-robust standard errors (CRSEs). Nevertheless, what to cluster over is sometimes unknown. For…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-12 Kentaro Fukumoto

Background. Clustering analysis discovers hidden structures in a data set by partitioning them into disjoint clusters. Robust accuracy measures that evaluate the goodness of clustering results are critical for algorithm development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Navid Ahmadinejad , Li Liu

Spectral clustering is one of the most prominent clustering approaches. The distance-based similarity is the most widely used method for spectral clustering. However, people have already noticed that this is not suitable for multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Hengrui Wang , Yubo Zhang , Mingzhi Chen , Tong Yang

Evaluating clustering quality with reliable evaluation metrics like normalized mutual information (NMI) requires labeled data that can be expensive to annotate. We focus on the underexplored problem of estimating clustering quality with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Nihal V. Nayak , Ethan R. Elenberg , Clemens Rosenbaum

Trajectory clustering is an important operation of knowledge discovery from mobility data. Especially nowadays, the need for performing advanced analytic operations over massively produced data, such as mobility traces, in efficient and…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Panagiotis Tampakis , Nikos Pelekis , Christos Doulkeridis , Yannis Theodoridis

There is no, nor will there ever be, single best clustering algorithm. Nevertheless, we would still like to be able to distinguish between methods that work well on certain task types and those that systematically underperform. Clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Marek Gagolewski

Despite its popularity, it is widely recognized that the investigation of some theoretical aspects of clustering has been relatively sparse. One of the main reasons for this lack of theoretical results is surely the fact that, whereas for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-11 José E. Chacón

Cluster analysis of very high dimensional data can benefit from the properties of such high dimensionality. Informally expressed, in this work, our focus is on the analogous situation when the dimensionality is moderate to small, relative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-07 Fionn Murtagh

Recent studies increasingly adopt simulation-based machine learning (ML) models to analyze critical infrastructure system resilience. For realistic applications, these ML models consider the component-level characteristics that influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Srijith Balakrishnan , Beatrice Cassottana , Arun Verma

How to find a natural grouping of a large real data set? Clustering requires a balance between abstraction and representation. To identify clusters, we need to abstract from superfluous details of individual objects. But we also need a rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Claudia Plant , Lena G. M. Bauer , Christian Böhm