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Automata admitting at most one accepting run per structure, known as unambiguous automata, find applications in verification of reactive systems as they extend the class of deterministic automata whilst maintaining some of their desirable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

A language is dense if the set of all infixes (or subwords) of the language is the set of all words. Here, it is shown that it is decidable whether the language accepted by a nondeterministic Turing machine with a one-way read-only input…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

A data language is a set of finite words defined on an infinite alphabet. Data languages are used to express properties associated with data values (domain defined over a countably infinite set). In this paper, we introduce set augmented…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ansuman Banerjee , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Shibashis Guha

Let L be an infinite regular language on a totally ordered alphabet (A,<). Feeding a finite deterministic automaton (with output) with the words of L enumerated lexicographically with respect to < leads to an infinite sequence over the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michel Rigo

We implement a decision procedure for answering questions about a class of infinite words that might be called (for lack of a better name) "Tribonacci-automatic". This class includes, for example, the famous Tribonacci word T =…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Hamoon Mousavi , Jeffrey Shallit

We present a base class of automata that induce a numeration system and we give an algorithm to give the n-th word in the language of the automaton when the expansion of n in the induced numeration system is feeded to the automaton.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. F. J. Laros

In this paper we introduce and study Event-Clock Nested Automata (ECNA), a formalism that combines Event Clock Automata (ECA) and Visibly Pushdown Automata (VPA). ECNA allow to express real-time properties over non-regular patterns of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Laura Bozzelli , Aniello Murano , Adriano Peron

This paper investigates the decidability of opacity in timed automata (TA), a property that has been proven to be undecidable in general. First, we address a theoretical gap in recent work by J. An et al. (FM 2024) by providing necessary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Weilin Deng , Daowen Qiu , Jingkai Yang

A deterministic finite automaton in which every non-empty set of states occurs as the image of the whole state set under the action of a suitable input word is called completely reachable. We characterize such automata in terms of graphs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Evgeniya A. Bondar , David Casas , Mikhail V. Volkov

In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

A fundamental question in logic and verification is the following: for which unary predicates $P_1, \ldots, P_k$ is the monadic second-order theory of $\langle \mathbb{N}; <, P_1, \ldots, P_k \rangle$ decidable? Equivalently, for which…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Valérie Berthé , Toghrul Karimov , Mihir Vahanwala

Arguably, omega-regular languages play an important role as a specification formalism in many approaches to systems monitoring via runtime verification. However, since their elements are infinite words, not every omega-regular language can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-21 Andreas Bauer

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for strict and non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Paul C. Bell

In this paper, we discuss the computational power of parallel communicating finite automata system with 1-way reversible finite automaton as components. We show that unlike the multi-head one way reversible finite automata model (where we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Debayan Ganguly , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Kumar Sankar Ray

We show that a special case of the Feferman-Vaught composition theorem gives rise to a natural notion of automata for finite words over an infinite alphabet, with good closure and decidability properties, as well as several logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Alexis Bès

We propose Reverse Contrast Attention (RCA), a plug-in method that enhances object localization in vision-language transformers without retraining. RCA reweights final-layer attention by suppressing extremes and amplifying mid-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Drandreb Earl O. Juanico , Rowel O. Atienza , Jeffrey Kenneth Go

In this paper, we prove results on enumerations of sets of Rota-Baxter words in a finite number of generators and a finite number of unary operators. Rota-Baxter words are words formed by concatenating generators and images of words under…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Li Guo , William Y. Sit

Deterministic synchronous systems consisting of two finite automata running in opposite directions on a shared read-only input are studied with respect to their ability to perform reversible computations, which means that the automata are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Martin Kutrib , Andreas Malcher

A non-deterministic recursion scheme recognizes a language of finite trees. This very expressive model can simulate, among others, higher-order pushdown automata with collapse. We show decidability of the diagonal problem for schemes. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Lorenzo Clemente , Paweł Parys , Sylvain Salvati , Igor Walukiewicz

We explore language semantics for automata combining probabilistic and nondeterministic behavior. We first show that there are precisely two natural semantics for probabilistic automata with nondeterminism. For both choices, we show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Gerco van Heerdt , Justin Hsu , Joël Ouaknine , Alexandra Silva