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We report a new experimental approach for observing mesoscopic fluctuations underlying the thermodynamic anomalies of ambient liquid water. In this approach, two sound velocity measurements with different frequencies, namely inelastic X-ray…
We propose a local earthquake tomography method that applies a structured regularization technique to determine sharp changes in Earth's seismic velocity structure using arrival time data of direct waves. Our approach focuses on the ability…
Many parts of the Earth system are thought to have multiple stable equilibrium states, with the potential for rapid and sometimes catastrophic shifts between them. The most common frameworks for analyzing stability changes, however, require…
We derive formulae connecting the frequency variations in the spectrum of solar oscillations to the dynamical quantities that are expected to change over the solar activity cycle. This is done for both centroids and the asymmetric part of…
McMullen et al. [1] comment that the numerical simulations that explicitly include random velocity fluctuations ``should exhibit a thermal-fluctuation-dominated range'' consistent with the literature, so that our results (J. Fluid Mech.…
We theoretically and numerically investigate the spin fluctuations induced in a thermal atomic ensemble by an external fluctuating uniaxial magnetic field, in the context of a standard spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) experiment. We show that…
Consider a target moving at a constant velocity on a unit-circumference circle, starting at an arbitrary location. To acquire the target, any region of the circle can be probed to obtain a noisy measurement of the target's presence, where…
In this work we study the rheological features of yield stress materials that exhibit non-homogeneous steady flows and that are subjected to an additional mechanical noise. Using a mesoscale elasto-plastic model accounting for a viscosity…
This article studies the fluctuation behaviour of the stochastic point vortex model with common noise. Using the martingale method combined with a localization argument, we prove that the sequence of fluctuation processes converges in…
Jumps and market microstructure noise are stylized features of high-frequency financial data. It is well known that they introduce bias in the estimation of volatility (including integrated and spot volatilities) of assets, and many methods…
This study investigates how conditional normalizing flows can be applied to remote sensing data products in climate science for spatio-temporal prediction. The method is chosen due to its desired properties such as exact likelihood…
Long duration noisy-looking waveforms such as those obtained in randomly multiply scattering and reverberant media are complex; they resist direct interpretation. Nevertheless, such waveforms are sensitive to small changes in the source of…
We study an inverse source problem for the acoustic wave equation in a random waveguide. The goal is to estimate the source of waves from measurements of the acoustic pressure at a remote array of sensors. The waveguide effect is due to…
We study detection methods for multivariable signals under dependent noise. The main focus is on three-dimensional signals, i.e. on signals in the space-time domain. Examples for such signals are multifaceted. They include geographic and…
Existing methods for diagnosing predictability in climate indices often make a number of unjustified assumptions about the climate system that can lead to misleading conclusions. We present a flexible family of state-space models capable of…
Thomson scattering measurements in High Energy Density experiments are often recorded using optical streak cameras. In the low-signal regime, noise introduced by the streak camera can become an important and sometimes the dominate source of…
We consider a network of randomly coupled rate-based neurons influenced by external and internal noise. We derive a second-order stochastic mean-field model for the network dynamics and use it to analyze the stability and bifurcations in…
Time delay and velocity estimation has been a widely studied subject in the context of signal processing, with applications in many different fields of physics. The velocity of fluctuation structures is typically estimated as the distance…
In the present paper we investigate the impact of the external noise and detection threshold level on the simulation data for the systems that evolve through metastable states. As a representative model of such systems we chose the…
We present a simple analytical tool which gives an approximate insight into the stationary behavior of nonlinear systems undergoing the influence of a weak and rapid noise from one dominating source, e.g. the kinetic equations describing a…