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We review work in areas ranging from condensed matter physics to quantum gravity, with the following interconnected questions in mind: (i) what is the nature of the vacuum in condensed matter systems, in quantum field theory, and in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-10-20 Samin Tajik , Michael. j. Desrochers , Philip C. E. Stamp

Loop Quantum Gravity is a theory that attempts to describe the quantum mechanics of the gravitational field based on the canonical quantization of General Relativity. According to Loop Quantum Gravity, in a gravitational field, geometric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-16 W. F. Chagas-Filho

Loop Quantum Cosmology adapts the techniques of Loop Quantum Gravity in the quantization of homogeneous cosmological models obtained from General Relativity by symmetry reduction. As a necessary step towards the extraction of realistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-27 Mercedes Martín-Benito

General Relativity is an extremely successful theory, at least for weak gravitational fields, however, it breaks down at very high energies, such as in correspondence of the initial singularity. Quantum Gravity is expected to provide more…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-20 Ana Rita Ribeiro , Daniele Vernieri , Francisco S. N. Lobo

This is an introduction to the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, with emphasis on motivations and basic formalism, more than on recent results; we elaborate on the various ingredients, both conceptual and formal, of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-27 Daniele Oriti

Quantum-reduced loop gravity is a model of loop quantum gravity, which - from the technical point of view - is characterized by the remarkably simple form of its basic operators. In this article we examine the operators of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-01 Ilkka Mäkinen

This is a review paper invited by the journal "Classical ad Quantum Gravity" for a "Cluster Issue" on approaches to quantum gravity. I give a synthetic presentation of loop gravity. I spell-out the aims of the theory and compare the results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Carlo Rovelli

It is argued that quantum gravity has an interpretation as a topological field theory provided a certain constraint from the path intergral measure is respected. The constraint forces us to couple gauge and matter fields to gravity for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Andrew Toon

..."but we do not have quantum gravity." This phrase is often used when analysis of a physical problem enters the regime in which quantum gravity effects should be taken into account. In fact, there are several models of the gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-23 Marcin Domagala , Kristina Giesel , Wojciech Kaminski , Jerzy Lewandowski

We present an introduction to the canonical quantization of gravity performed in loop quantum gravity, based on lectures held at the 3rd quantum geometry and quantum gravity school in Zakopane in 2011. A special feature of this introduction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Kristina Giesel , Hanno Sahlmann

Quantum cosmology has traditionally been studied at the level of symmetry-reduced minisuperspace models, analyzing the behavior of wave functions. However, in the absence of a complete full setting of quantum gravity and detailed knowledge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-09-18 Martin Bojowald

A brief overview of loop quantum cosmology of homogeneous isotropic models is presented with emphasis on the origin of and subtleties associated with the resolution of big bang and big crunch singularities. These results bear out the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-17 Abhay Ashtekar

A general nonperturvative loop quantization procedure for metric modified gravity is reviewed. As an example, this procedure is applied to scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The quantum kinematical framework of these theories is rigorously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-09 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

The physics of quantum gravity is discussed within the framework of topological quantum field theory. Some of the principles are illustrated with examples taken from theories in which space-time is three dimensional.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 John W. Barrett

Quantum cosmology is usually studied quantizing symmetry-reduced variables. Is it possible, instead, to define quantum cosmology starting from the full quantum gravity theory? In Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), it is possible to cut the degrees…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-10-18 Francesca Vidotto

The primordial Universe can be used as a laboratory to set constraints on quantum gravity. In the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology, we show that such a proposal for quantum gravity not only solves for the big bang singularity issue but…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-08 Julien Grain

General Relativity describes gravity in geometrical terms. This suggests that quantizing such theory is the same as quantizing geometry. The subject can therefore be called quantum geometry and one may think that mathematicians are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-18 J. Manuel Garcia-Islas

We give a standard introduction to loop quantum gravity, from the ADM variables to spin network states. We include a discussion on quantum geometry on a fixed graph and its relation to a discrete approximation of general relativity.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-09-21 Pietro Doná , Simone Speziale

We present a systematic approach to the kinematics of quantum-reduced loop gravity, a model originally proposed by Alesci and Cianfrani as an attempt to probe the physical implications of loop quantum gravity. We implement the quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-03 Ilkka Mäkinen

Loop Quantum Gravity is widely developed using canonical quantization in an effort to find the correct quantization for gravity. Affine quantization, which is like canonical quantization augmented bounded in one orientation, e.g., a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-19 John R. Klauder
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