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Structure-based virtual screening aims to identify high-affinity ligands by estimating binding free energies between proteins and small molecules. However, the conformational flexibility of both proteins and ligands challenges conventional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-15 Pei-Kun Yang

The rapid evolution of molecular dynamics (MD) methods, including machine-learned dynamics, has outpaced the development of standardized tools for method validation. Objective comparison between simulation approaches is often hindered by…

Molecular docking is a cornerstone of drug discovery, relying on high-resolution ligand-bound structures to achieve accurate predictions. However, obtaining these structures is often costly and time-intensive, limiting their availability.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-09 Raúl Miñán , Carles Perez-Lopez , Javier Iglesias , Álvaro Ciudad , Alexis Molina

We report the performance of our newly introduced Ensemble Docking with Enhanced sampling of pocket Shape (EDES) protocol coupled to a template-based algorithm to generate near-native ligand conformations in the 2019 iteration of the Grand…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-14 Andrea Basciu , Panagiotis I. Koukos , Giuliano Malloci , Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin , Attilio V. Vargiu

Protein function does not solely depend on structure but often relies on dynamical transitions between distinct conformations. Despite this fact, our ability to characterize or predict protein dynamics is substantially less developed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-08 Michael A. Sauer , Souvik Mondal , Brandon Neff , Sthitadhi Maiti , Matthias Heyden

Protein function frequently involves conformational changes with large amplitude on timescales which are difficult and computationally expensive to access using molecular dynamics. In this paper, we report on the combination of three…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-10 J. E. Jimenez-Roldan , R. B. Freedman , R. A. Römer , S. A. Wells

Structure-based virtual screening is an important tool in early stage drug discovery that scores the interactions between a target protein and candidate ligands. As virtual libraries continue to grow (in excess of $10^8$ molecules), so too…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-11 David E. Graff , Eugene I. Shakhnovich , Connor W. Coley

Due to the time-scale limitations of all-atom simulation of proteins, there has been substantial interest in coarse-grained approaches. Some methods, like "Resolution Exchange," [E. Lyman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 028105 (2006)] can…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Marty Ytreberg , Svetlana Kh. Aroutiounian , Daniel M. Zuckerman

Understanding protein conformational dynamics is essential for elucidating biological function but remains challenging due to the wide range of timescales and the complexity of collective motions. Enhanced sampling methods overcome…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-11 Souvik Mondal , Michael A. Sauer , Matthias Heyden

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations are a valuable tool for characterizing the conformational ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). IDP conformational ensembles are highly heterogeneous and contain…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Jaya Krishna Koneru , Korey M. Reid , Paul Robustelli

We have earlier reported the iMOLSDOCK technique to perform induced-fit peptide-protein docking. iMOLSDOCK uses the mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) technique to sample the conformation and the docking pose of the small molecule…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 D. Sam Paul , N. Gautham

Sampling useful three-dimensional molecular structures along with their most favorable conformations is a key challenge in drug discovery. Current state-of-the-art 3D de-novo design flow matching or diffusion-based models are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Riccardo Tedoldi , Ola Engkvist , Patrick Bryant , Hossein Azizpour , Jon Paul Janet , Alessandro Tibo

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

We present a novel machine learning approach to understanding conformation dynamics of biomolecules. The approach combines kernel-based techniques that are popular in the machine learning community with transfer operator theory for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-01-24 Stefan Klus , Andreas Bittracher , Ingmar Schuster , Christof Schütte

The biomolecules in and around a living cell -- proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates -- continuously sample myriad conformational states that are thermally accessible at physiological temperatures. Simultaneously, a given…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-15 Cameron Mura , Charles E. McAnany

The bottleneck in enhanced sampling lies in finding collective variables (CVs) that can effectively accelerate protein conformational changes. True reaction coordinates (tRCs) that can predict the committor are considered the optimal CVs,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Huiyu Li , Ao Ma

Simulations of biological macromolecules play an important role in understanding the physical basis of a number of complex processes such as protein folding. Even with increasing computational power and evolution of specialized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Hyungro Lee , Heng Ma , Matteo Turilli , Debsindhu Bhowmik , Shantenu Jha , Arvind Ramanathan

Excitement at the prospect of using data-driven generative models to sample configurational ensembles of biomolecular systems stems from the extraordinary success of these models on a diverse set of high-dimensional sampling tasks. Unlike…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-06 Shriram Chennakesavalu , Grant M. Rotskoff

Significant progress in computer hardware and software have enabled molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model complex biological phenomena such as protein folding. However, enabling MD simulations to access biologically relevant…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-02 Heng Ma , Debsindhu Bhowmik , Hyungro Lee , Matteo Turilli , Michael T. Young , Shantenu Jha , Arvind Ramanathan

We propose a benchmark to study surrogate model accuracy for protein-ligand docking. We share a dataset consisting of 200 million 3D complex structures and 2D structure scores across a consistent set of 13 million "in-stock" molecules over…

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