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Selecting a minimal feature set that is maximally informative about a target variable is a central task in machine learning and statistics. Information theory provides a powerful framework for formulating feature selection algorithms --…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Patricia Wollstadt , Sebastian Schmitt , Michael Wibral

Of the various attempts to generalize information theory to multiple variables, the most widely utilized, interaction information, suffers from the problem that it is sometimes negative. Here we reconsider from first principles the general…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-04-16 Paul L. Williams , Randall D. Beer

The entropy of a pair of random variables is commonly depicted using a Venn diagram. This representation is potentially misleading, however, since the multivariate mutual information can be negative. This paper presents new measures of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Conor Finn , Joseph T. Lizier

We offer a new approach to the information decomposition problem in information theory: given a 'target' random variable co-distributed with multiple 'source' variables, how can we decompose the mutual information into a sum of non-negative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Nihat Ay , Daniel Polani , Nathaniel Virgo

We present a theoretical framework that extends classical information theory to finite and structured systems by redefining redundancy as a fundamental property of information organization rather than inefficiency. In this framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuda Bi , Ying Zhu , Vince D Calhoun

The framework of Partial Information Decomposition (PID) unveils complex nonlinear interactions in network systems by dissecting the mutual information (MI) between a target variable and several source variables. While PID measures have…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-09-23 Chiara Barà , Yuri Antonacci , Marta Iovino , Ivan Lazic , Luca Faes

We propose new measures of shared information, unique information and synergistic information that can be used to decompose the multi-information of a pair of random variables $(Y,Z)$ with a third random variable $X$. Our measures are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-18 Nils Bertschinger , Johannes Rauh , Eckehard Olbrich , Jürgen Jost , Nihat Ay

The conventional approach to the general Partial Information Decomposition (PID) problem has been redundancy-based: specifying a measure of redundant information between collections of source variables induces a PID via Moebius-Inversion…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Aaron J. Gutknecht , Abdullah Makkeh , Michael Wibral

We consider the "partial information decomposition" (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the information that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redundant, synergistic, union, and unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky

Bivariate Partial Information Decomposition (PID) describes how the mutual information between a random variable M and two random variables Y and Z is decomposed into unique, redundant, and synergistic terms. Recently, PID has shown promise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Chaitanya Goswami , Amanda Merkley , Pulkit Grover

Systems of interest for theoretical or experimental work often exhibit high-order interactions, corresponding to statistical interdependencies in groups of variables that cannot be reduced to dependencies in subsets of them. While still…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Fernando E. Rosas , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Michael Gastpar

The information that two random variables $Y$, $Z$ contain about a third random variable $X$ can have aspects of shared information (contained in both $Y$ and $Z$), of complementary information (only available from $(Y,Z)$ together) and of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Johannes Rauh , Nils Bertschinger , Eckehard Olbrich , Jürgen Jost

Mutual information among three or more dimensions (mu-star = - Q) has been considered as interaction information. However, Krippendorff (2009a, 2009b) has shown that this measure cannot be interpreted as a unique property of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-01-08 Loet Leydesdorff

While mutual information effectively quantifies dependence between two variables, it does not by itself reveal the complex, fine-grained interactions among variables, i.e., how multiple sources contribute redundantly, uniquely, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Aobo Lyu , Andrew Clark , Netanel Raviv

Partial information decompositions (PIDs), which quantify information interactions between three or more variables in terms of uniqueness, redundancy and synergy, are gaining traction in many application domains. However, our understanding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Praveen Venkatesh , Keerthana Gurushankar , Gabriel Schamberg

We characterize information as risk reduction between knowledge states represented by partitions of the underlying probability space. Entropy corresponds to risk reduction from no (or partial) knowledge to full knowledge about a random…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

The Partial Information Decomposition (PID) framework has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing high-order interdependencies in complex network systems. However, its application to dynamic processes remains challenging due to the…

Given a pair of predictor variables and a response variable, how much information do the predictors have about the response, and how is this information distributed between unique, redundant, and synergistic components? Recent work has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Pradeep Kr. Banerjee , Johannes Rauh , Guido Montúfar

Redundancy of experimental data is the basic statistic from which the complexity of a natural phenomenon and the proper number of experiments needed for its exploration can be estimated. The redundancy is expressed by the entropy of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-10-10 I. Grabec

Understanding how different information sources together transmit information is crucial in many domains. For example, understanding the neural code requires characterizing how different neurons contribute unique, redundant, or synergistic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-04 Daniel Chicharro , Giuseppe Pica , Stefano Panzeri