Related papers: Electromagnetic gauge-freedom and work
The problem of defining work done on electromagnetic field (EMF) via moving charges does not have a ready solution, because the standard Hamiltonian of EMF does not predict gauge-invariant energy changes. This limits applications of…
A simple mathematical procedure is introduced which allows redefining in an exact way divergent integrals and limits that appear in the basic equations of classical electrodynamics with point charges. In this way all divergences are at once…
A new approach to classical electrodynamics is presented, showing that it can be regarded as a particular case of the most general relativistic force field. In particular, at first it is shown that the structure of the Lorentz force comes…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
We consider a bound system of particles interacting via electromagnetic forces in an external electromagnetic field, including leading relativistic corrections. Each particle has a definite mass, charge, spin, and charge radius. We…
The Faraday-Ampere laws of electro-magnetic induction are formulated in terms of plain and twisted differential forms, taking in due account the body motion in terms of Lie time-derivatives. Covariance of Lie derivatives with respect to…
Underlying the classical thermodynamic principles are analogous microscopic laws, arising from the fundamental axioms of quantum mechanics. These define quantum thermodynamic variables such as quantum work and heat and characterize the…
The force exerted by an electromagnetic body on another body in relative motion, and its minimal expression, the force on moving charges or \emph{Lorentz' force} constitute the link between electromagnetism and mechanics. Expressions for…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
We apply a simple decomposition to the energy of a moving particle. Based on this decomposition, we identify the potential and kinetic energies, then use them to give general definitions of momentum and the various kinds of forces exerted…
Hamiltonian operators are gauge dependent. For overcome this difficulty we reexamined the effect of a gauge transformation on Schr\"odinger and Dirac equations. We show that the gauge invariance of the operator…
A general law for electromagnetic induction phenomena is derived from Lorentz force and Maxwell equation connecting electric field and time variation of magnetic field. The derivation provides with a unified mathematical treatment the…
Building on our previous work, we investigate the identification of the electromagnetic field as a local gauge field of a restricted group of synchrony transformations. We begin by arguing that the inability to measure the one-way speed of…
We generalize the derivation of electromagnetic fields of a charged particle moving with a constant acceleration [1] to a variable acceleration (piecewise constants) over a small finite time interval using Coulomb's law, relativistic…
We develop a formulation of particle mechanics in which the functional relation between force and kinetic energy is derived directly from local conservation mechanical energy $E$, rather than postulated through Newton's second law or a…
By describing the dynamical evolution of a test charged particle in the presence of an electromagnetic field as a succession of infinitesimal Lorentz boosts and rotations it is possible to obtain the Lorentz Force of Electrodynamics. A…
We treat a quantum mechanical system with certain general properties which are expected to be common in macroscopic quantum systems. Starting from a PURE initial state (which may not describe an equilibrium) in which energy is mildly…
Regarded as one of the most fundamental concepts of classical mechanics and thermodynamics, work has received well-grounded definitions within the quantum framework since the 1970s, having being successfully applied to many contexts. Recent…
Thermodynamics is based on a coarse-grained approach, from which its fundamental variables emerge, effectively erasing the complicate details of the microscopic dynamics within a macroscopic system. The strength of Thermodynamics lies in…
In recent years we have witnessed a concentrated effort to make sense of thermodynamics for small-scale systems. One of the main difficulties is to capture a suitable notion of work that models realistically the purpose of quantum machines,…