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Related papers: Strong Backdoors for Linear Temporal Logic

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A backdoor set is a set of variables of a propositional formula such that fixing the truth values of the variables in the backdoor set moves the formula into some polynomial-time decidable class. If we know a small backdoor set we can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-01 Serge Gaspers , Stefan Szeider

Finite linear temporal logic ($\mathsf{LTL}_f$) is a powerful formal representation for modeling temporal sequences. We address the problem of learning a compact $\mathsf{LTL}_f$ formula from labeled traces of system behavior. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Homer Walke , Daniel Ritter , Carl Trimbach , Michael Littman

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is an increasingly popular framework for declarative programming that admits the description of problems by means of rules and constraints that form a disjunctive logic program. In particular, many AI problems…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-07 Johannes Klaus Fichte , Stefan Szeider

Backdoor attacks represent a serious threat to neural network models. A backdoored model will misclassify the trigger-embedded inputs into an attacker-chosen target label while performing normally on other benign inputs. There are already…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Jing Xu , Minhui , Xue , Stjepan Picek

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

The ubiquity of deep neural networks (DNNs), cloud-based training, and transfer learning is giving rise to a new cybersecurity frontier in which unsecure DNNs have `structural malware' (i.e., compromised weights and activation pathways). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-05 N. Benjamin Erichson , Dane Taylor , Qixuan Wu , Michael W. Mahoney

Integer Linear Programming (ILP) has a broad range of applications in various areas of artificial intelligence. Yet in spite of recent advances, we still lack a thorough understanding of which structural restrictions make ILP tractable.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Pavel Dvořák , Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Dušan Knop , Sebastian Ordyniak

Many reasoning problems are based on the problem of satisfiability (SAT). While SAT itself becomes easy when restricting the structure of the formulas in a certain way, the situation is more opaque for more involved decision problems. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Nadia Creignou , Reinhard Pichler , Stefan Woltran

Temporal Logic (TL) guided control problems have gained interests in recent years. By using the TL, one can specify a wide range of temporal constraints on the system and is widely used in cyber-physical systems. On the other hand, Control…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Guang Yang , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

Safety alignment mechanisms in Large Language Models (LLMs) often operate as latent internal states, obscuring the model's inherent capabilities. Building on this observation, we model the safety mechanism as an unobserved confounder from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yao Zhou , Zeen Song , Wenwen Qiang , Fengge Wu , Shuyi Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Pre-trained general-purpose language models have been a dominating component in enabling real-world natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, a pre-trained model with backdoor can be a severe threat to the applications. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Lujia Shen , Shouling Ji , Xuhong Zhang , Jinfeng Li , Jing Chen , Jie Shi , Chengfang Fang , Jianwei Yin , Ting Wang

We introduce and investigate a number of fragments of propo- sitional temporal logic LTL over the flow of time (Z, <). The fragments are defined in terms of the available temporal operators and the structure of the clausal normal form of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-11 A. Artale , R. Kontchakov , V. Ryzhikov , M. Zakharyaschev

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained popularity in numerous domains, yet they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks that can compromise their performance and ethical application. The detection of these attacks is crucial for maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

A backbone of a propositional CNF formula is a variable whose truth value is the same in every truth assignment that satisfies the formula. The notion of backbones for CNF formulas has been studied in various contexts. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-21 Ronald de Haan , Iyad Kanj , Stefan Szeider

The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world applications has benefited from abundant pre-trained models. However, the backdoored pre-trained models can pose a significant trojan threat to the deployment of downstream DNNs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Jinyin Chen , Haibin Zheng , Yang Zhang , Haohan Wang

In this paper we initiate the study of the computational complexity of learning linear temporal logic (LTL) formulas from examples. We construct approximation algorithms for fragments of LTL and prove hardness results; in particular we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Guillaume Lagarde

We show how automatic tools for the verification of linear and branching time properties of procedural, multi-threaded, and functional programs as well as program synthesis can be naturally and uniformly seen as solvers of constraints in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-02 Andrey Rybalchenko

The use of temporal logics has long been recognised as a fundamental approach to the formal specification and verification of reactive systems. In this paper, we take on the problem of automatically verifying a temporal property, given by a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Tewodros A. Beyene , Corneliu Popeea , Andrey Rybalchenko