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Related papers: Are solar brightness variations faculae- or spot-d…

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Whereas a variation of the solar luminosity, L, will inevitably cause a similar change of the total solar irradiance, S, the opposite is not true. In fact, the bulk of the days to months variations of S can be explained entirely in terms of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sabatino Sofia , Linghuai H. Li

Knowledge of solar irradiance variability is critical to Earth's climate models and understanding the solar influence on Earth's climate. Direct solar irradiance measurements are only available since 1978. Reconstructions of past…

In recent years it has been claimed that the length of stellar activity cycles is determined by the stellar rotation rate. It is observed that the cycle period increases with rotation period along the so-called active and inactive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-12 Timo Reinhold , Robert H. Cameron , Laurent Gizon

We have used solar oscillation frequencies and frequency splittings obtained over solar cycles 23, 24 and the rising phase of solar cycle 25 to investigate whether the tachocline properties (jump i.e., the change in the rotation rate across…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Sarbani Basu , Wesley Antônio Machado Andrade de Aguiar , Sylvain G. Korzennik

Solar granulation consists of dynamic convective plasma cells that rise from the solar interior to the surface. The interaction between these plasma cells and the Sun's magnetic field provides valuable insights into plasma dynamics near the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 J. I. Campos Rozo , J. Jurčák , S. M. Díaz Castillo , M. van Noort

Major solar flares are prone to occur in active region atmospheres associated with large, complex, dynamically-evolving sunspots. This points to the importance of monitoring the evolution of starspots, not only in visible but also in ultra…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-14 Shin Toriumi , Vladimir S. Airapetian , Hugh S. Hudson , Carolus J. Schrijver , Mark C. M. Cheung , Marc L. DeRosa

The irradiance of the Sun is modulated on all time scales. Small-scale solar magnetic elements composed of quiet-Sun network and active region plages contribute to this modulation on solar cycle time scales. The evaluation of their contrast…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-02 Fatima Kahil

The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 David H. Hathaway

Long-term high-cadence measurements of stellar spectral variability are fundamental to better understand stellar atmospheric properties and stellar magnetism. These, in turn, are fundamental for the detectability of exoplanets as well as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-16 S. Criscuoli , L. Bertello , D. P. Choudhary , M. DeLand , G. Kopp , A. Kowalski , S. Marchenko , K. Reardon , A. A. Pevtsov , D. Tilipman

This paper describes a new way of determining the high-latitude solar rotation rate statistically from simultaneous observations of many polar faculae. In this experiment, I extracted frames from a movie made previously from flat-fielded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-05 Neil R. Sheeley

Variability in the brightness of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) is a common phenomenon that can be caused by changes in various factors, including accretion, extinction, disk morphology, interactions between the disk and the stellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-12 Sieun Lee , Jeong-Eun Lee , Carlos Contreras Peña , Doug Johnstone , Gregory Herczeg , Seonjae Lee

The total and spectral irradiance varies over short time scales, i.e. from days to months, and longer time scales from years to decades, centuries, and beyond. In this talk we review the current understanding of irradiance changes from days…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-29 M. Haberreiter

Sunspots and solar flares are two different manifestations of magnetic activity on the surface of the Sun. On the Sun, flares typically occur close to spots. In this paper we test this the connection between spots and flares on other stars.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Andy B. Zhang , Jason R. Reeves , David V. Martin , Veronica Pratt , Wata Tubthong , Arielle Weinstein , Isabella E. Ward

Recently published, precise stellar photometry of 72 Sun-like stars obtained at the Fairborn Observatory between 1993 and 2017 is used to set limits on the solar forcing of Earth's atmosphere of $\pm$ 4.5 W m$^{-2}$ since 1750. This…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 P. G. Judge , R. Egeland , G. W. Henry

Irradiance variability has been monitored from space for more than two decades. Even if data are coming from different sources, it is well established that a temporal variability exists which can be set to as approximately 0.1%, in phase…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. P. Rozelot , S. Lefebvre , S. Pireaux , A. Ajabshirizadeh

Stellar magnetic activity, manifested through spots (faculae and flares), fundamentally shapes the exoplanets' environments. For low-mass stars in particular, where most habitable-zone planets reside, the variable magnetic phenomena can…

The Schwabe (~11 yr) value for the annual sunspot number is sometimes uncritically applied to other measures of solar activity, direct and indirect, including the 10.7 cm radio flux, the inflow of galactic cosmic rays, solar flare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-08 Claudio Vita-Finzi

Sunspots are dark spots on the solar surface associated with strong magnetic fields. The number, area, and brightness of sunspots are supposed to reflect the intensity of the solar magnetic fields and are often used as proxies for their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 K. Georgieva , B. Kirov , Yu. A. Nagovitsyn

Oscillation properties are usually measured by fitting symmetric Lorentzian profiles to the power spectra of Sun-like stars. However the line profiles of solar oscillations have been observed to be asymmetrical for the Sun. The physical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 O. Benomar , Mjo. Goupil , K. Belkacem , T. Appourchaux , M. B. Nielsen , M. Bazot , L. Gizon , S. Hanasoge , K. R. Sreenivasan , B. Marchand

The frequencies of solar oscillations are known to change with solar activity. We use Principal Component Analysis to examine these changes with high precision. In addition to the well-documented changes in solar normal mode oscillations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Charles S. Baldner , Sarbani Basu