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We present and analyze four frequency measurements designed to characterize the performance of an optical frequency reference based on spectral hole burning in \EuYSO. The first frequency comparison, between a single unperturbed spectral…
Atomic clocks provide a reproducible basis for our understanding of time and frequency. Recent demonstrations of compact optical clocks, employing thermal atomic beams, have achieved short-term fractional frequency instabilities in the…
A Wannier-Stark optical lattice clock has demonstrated unprecedented measurement precision for optical atomic clocks. We present a systematic evaluation of the lattice light shift, a necessary next step for establishing this system as an…
Over a period of eight months, we have monitored transition frequencies between nearly degenerate, opposite-parity levels in two isotopes of atomic dysprosium (Dy). These transition frequencies are highly sensitive to temporal variation of…
We present a scalable mixed-species Coulomb crystal clock based on the $^1S_0$ $\leftrightarrow$ $^3P_0$ transition in $^{115}$In$^+$. $^{172}$Yb$^+$ ions are co-trapped and used for sympathetic cooling. Reproducible interrogation…
Optical molecular clocks promise unparalleled sensitivity to the temporal variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio and insight into possible new physics beyond the Standard Model. We propose to realize a molecular clock with bosonic…
We theoretically study the effects of elastic collisions on the determination of frequency standards via Ramsey fringe spectroscopy in optical-lattice atom clocks. Interparticle interactions of bosonic atoms in multiply-occupied lattice…
We observe a weakly allowed optical transition of atomic ytterbium from the ground state to the metastable state $4f^{13}5d6s^2 \: (J=2)$ for all five bosonic and two fermionic isotopes with resolved Zeeman and hyperfine structures. This…
Despite being a canonical example of quantum mechanical perturbation theory, as well as one of the earliest observed spectroscopic shifts, the Stark effect contributes the largest source of uncertainty in a modern optical atomic clock…
Improvements in atom-light coherence are foundational to progress in quantum information science, quantum optics, and precision metrology. Optical atomic clocks require local oscillators with exceptional optical coherence due to the…
Optical clocks are the apotheosis of precision measurement, but they require frequent maintenance by scientists. The supporting laser systems are a particularly demanding component of these instruments. To reduce complexity and increase…
We report improved absolute frequency measurement of the $^{1}$S$_{0}-^{3}$P$_{0}$ transition of $^{171}$Yb at National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) by comparing the $^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock NMIJ-Yb1 with 13 Cs primary…
We demonstrate a one-dimensional optical lattice clock with ultracold 171Yb atoms, which is free from the linear Zeeman effect. The absolute frequency of the 1S0(F = 1/2) - 3P0(F = 1/2) clock transition in 171Yb is determined to be 518 295…
Recent realisation of three-dimensional optical lattice clocks circumvents short range collisional clock shifts which have been the bottle neck towards higher precision; the long range electronic dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms…
We present an experimental study of the lattice induced light shifts on the 1S_0-3P_0 optical clock transition (v_clock~518 THz) in neutral ytterbium. The ``magic'' frequency, v_magic, for the 174Yb isotope was determined to be 394 799…
Single trapped ions are ideal systems in which to test atomic physics at high precision: they are effectively isolated atoms held at rest and largely free from perturbing interactions. This thesis describes several projects developed to…
The experimental comparison of two thulium optical lattice clocks in a time interval of up to one hour has been carried out. The synchronous comparison of a clock transition in two independent atomic ensembles using a single ultrastable…
We report the coherent excitation of the highly forbidden $^2S_{1/2} \rightarrow {^2}F_{7/2}$ clock transition in the odd isotope $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}^+$ with nuclear spin $I = 5/2$, and reveal the hyperfine-state-dependent, nuclear spin…
The passage of time is tracked by counting oscillations of a frequency reference, such as Earth's revolutions or swings of a pendulum. By referencing atomic transitions, frequency (and thus time) can be measured more precisely than any…
Recent developments in frequency metrology and optical clocks have been based on electronic transitions in atoms and singly charged ions as references. These systems have enabled relative frequency uncertainties at a level of a few parts in…