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In this paper we develop an algebraic approach to data integration by combining techniques from functional programming, category theory, and database theory. In our formalism, database schemas and instances are algebraic (multi-sorted…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Patrick Schultz , Ryan Wisnesky

The variety of data is one of the important issues in the era of Big Data. The data are naturally organized in different formats and models, including structured data, semi-structured data, and unstructured data. Prior research has…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Valter Uotila , Jiaheng Lu , Dieter Gawlick , Zhen Hua Liu , Souripriya Das , Gregory Pogossiants

In this paper we present a simple database definition language: that of categories and functors. A database schema is a small category and an instance is a set-valued functor on it. We show that morphisms of schemas induce three "data…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-02-05 David I. Spivak

Category theory offers a mathematical foundation for knowledge representation and database systems. Popular existing approaches model a database instance as a functor into the category of sets and functions, or as a 2-functor into the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Michael Lambert , Evan Patterson

Many mathematical objects can be represented as functors from finitely-presented categories $\mathsf{C}$ to $\mathsf{Set}$. For instance, graphs are functors to $\mathsf{Set}$ from the category with two parallel arrows. Such functors are…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Evan Patterson , Owen Lynch , James Fairbanks

We present a case study in applied category theory written from the point of view of an applied domain: the formalization of the widely-used property graphs data model in an enterprise setting using elementary constructions from type theory…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Joshua Shinavier , Ryan Wisnesky , Joshua G. Meyers

Data integration and migration processes in polystores and multi-model database management systems highly benefit from data and schema transformations. Rigorous modeling of transformations is a complex problem. The data and schema…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Valter Uotila , Jiaheng Lu

Multi-model databases are designed to store, manage, and query data in various models, such as relational, hierarchical, and graph data, simultaneously. In this paper, we provide a theoretical basis for querying categorical databases. We…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jiaheng Lu

Modern database systems face a significant challenge in effectively handling the Variety of data. The primary objective of this paper is to establish a unified data model and theoretical framework for multi-model data management. To achieve…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jiaheng Lu

We propose a novel database model whose basic structure is a labeled, directed, acyclic graph with a single root, in which the nodes represent the data sets of an application and the edges represent functional relationships among the data…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nicolas Spyratos

The advent of data-driven science in the 21st century brought about the need for well-organized structured data and associated infrastructure able to facilitate the applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. We present an…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Alexander Zech , Timur Bazhirov

Multi-model databases are designed to store, manage, and query data in various models, such as relational, hierarchical, and graph data, simultaneously. In this paper, we provide a theoretical basis for querying categorical databases. We…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jiaheng Lu

The position we advocate in this paper is that relational algebra can provide a unified language for both representing and computing with statistical-relational objects, much as linear algebra does for traditional single-table machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-03 Oliver Schulte , Zhensong Qian

Algebraic effects offer a versatile framework that covers a wide variety of effects. However, the family of operations that delimit scopes are not algebraic and are usually modelled as handlers, thus preventing them from being used freely…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Zhixuan Yang , Marco Paviotti , Nicolas Wu , Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers

Universal algebra uniformly captures various algebraic structures, by expressing them as equational theories or abstract clones. The ubiquity of algebraic structures in mathematics and related fields has given rise to several variants of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Soichiro Fujii

We present a categorical denotational semantics for a database mapping, based on views, in the most general framework of a database integration/exchange. Developed database category DB, for databases (objects) and view-based mappings…

Databases · Computer Science 2011-03-02 Zoran Majkic

The purpose of this work is to complete the algebraic foundations of second-order languages from the viewpoint of categorical algebra as developed by Lawvere. To this end, this paper introduces the notion of second-order algebraic theory…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-21 Marcelo Fiore , Ola Mahmoud

The unprecedented pace of machine learning research has lead to incredible advances, but also poses hard challenges. At present, the field lacks strong theoretical underpinnings, and many important achievements stem from ad hoc design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Francesco Riccardo Crescenzi

Abstract clones serve as an algebraic presentation of the syntax of a simple type theory. From the perspective of universal algebra, they define algebraic theories like those of groups, monoids and rings. This link allows one to study the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nayan Rajesh

This article serves as a preliminary introduction to the design of a new, open-source applied and computational category theory framework, named Categorica, built on top of the Wolfram Language. Categorica allows one to configure and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Jonathan Gorard
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