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For n>1, let G(n)=\sigma(n)/(n log log n), where \sigma(n) is the sum of the divisors of n. We prove that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if 4 is the only composite number N satisfying G(N) \ge \max(G(N/p),G(aN)), for all prime…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-01-16 Geoffrey Caveney , Jean-Louis Nicolas , Jonathan Sondow

For any natural number $n$, let $X'_n$ be the set of primitive Dirichlet characters modulo $n$. We show that if the Riemann hypothesis is true, then the inequality $|X'_{2n_k}|\le C_2 e^{-\gamma} \phi(2n_k)/\log\log(2n_k)$ holds for all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-25 William D. Banks , Ahmet M. Guloglu , C. Wesley Nevans

By defining $$I_n:=\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1} \frac{(x(1-x)y(1-y))^n}{(1-xy)(-\log xy)}\ dx dy$$ Sondow (see [2]) proved that $$I_n=\binom{2n}{n} \gamma+L_n-A_n$$ We prove asymptotic formula for $L_n$ and $A_n$ as $n\to\infty$, $$…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-12-04 Shekhar Suman

By modifying Beukers' proof of Apery's theorem that zeta(3) is irrational, we derive criteria for irrationality of Euler's constant, gamma. For n > 0, we define a double integral I(n) and a positive integer S(n), and prove that if d(n) =…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jonathan Sondow

Suppose that the Riemann hypothesis is false and $\rho_{*} = 1/2 + \eta_{*} + i \gamma_{*}$, $\eta_{*} > 0$, is a nontrivial zero of the Riemann $\zeta$-function off the critical line. Under the negation of the Riemann hypothesis for the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Hisanobu Shinya

An equivalence of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) enables a direct bridge to the Young lattice. In specific, the classical threshold $\lim_{n\to\infty} \sigma(n)/(n \log\log n) = e^{\gamma} \approx 1.78107$, derived from the asymptotic behavior…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Carlos Segovia

Under the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove for any natural number $r$ there exist infinitely many large natural numbers $n$ such that $(\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n)/(2\pi /\log \gamma_n) > r + \Theta\sqrt{r}$ and $(\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n)/(2\pi /\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-07 J. B. Conrey , C. L. Turnage-Butterbaugh

We consider the function $G(n)=\frac{\sigma(n)}{n\log\log n}$ (where $\sigma(n)=\sum_{d|n}d$) and set an imposed condition on its argument $n$, the fulfillment of which is sufficient for the existence of a prime $p$, at which $G(np)>G(n)$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-02 Aleksandr Morkotun

Recently, we have established the generalized Li's criterion equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis, viz. demonstrated that the sums over all non-trivial Riemann function zeroes k_n,b=Sum_rho(1-(1-((rho+b)/(rho-b-1))**n) for any real b not…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-19 Sergey K. Sekatskii

In this article, we investigate the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the Robin problem \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u = \lambda f(u) & \text{in } \Omega, \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} + \gamma u=0 & \text{on }…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-01 José Carmona Tapia , Antonio J. Martínez Aparicio , Pedro J. Martínez-Aparicio

For sufficiently large n Ramanujan gave a sufficient condition for the truth Robin's InEquality $X(n):=\frac{\sigma(n)}{n\ln\ln n}<e^{\gamma}$ (RIE). The largest known violation of RIE is $n_8=5040$. In this paper Robin's multipliers are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Thomas Schwabhäuser

For each parameter $a>1$, the critical hyperbolic catenoid $\Sigma_a$ is a rotationally symmetric, free boundary minimal annulus in a geodesic ball $B^3(r(a))\subset\mathbb{H}^3$. The Morse index of $\Sigma_a$ is at least $4$ by Medvedev…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Alexander Pigazzini

The Dirichlet eta function can be divided into $n$-th partial sum $\eta_{n}(s)$ and remainder term $R_{n}(s)$. We focus on the remainder term which can be approximated by the expression for $n$. And then, to increase reliability, we make…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Jeonwon Kim

We study the horizontal distribution of zeros of $\zeta'(s)$ which are denoted as $\rho'=\beta'+i\gamma'$. We assume the Riemann hypothesis which implies $\beta'\geqslant1/2$ for any non-real zero $\rho'$, equality being possible only at a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Haseo Ki

This paper shows the equivalence of the Riemann hypothesis to an sequence of elementary inequalities involving the harmonic numbers H_n, the sum of the reciprocals of the integers from 1 to n. It is a modification of a criterion due to Guy…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey C. Lagarias

We study the sum $\Sigma_q(U)=\sum_{\substack{d,e\leq U\\(de,q)=1}}\frac{\mu(d)\mu(e)}{[d,e]}\log\left(\frac{U}{d}\right)\log\left(\frac{U}{e}\right)$, $U>1$, so that a continuous, monotonic and explicit version of Selberg's sieve can be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Sebastian Zuniga Alterman

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we obtain asymptotic formulas for $\sum_{0<\gamma<T}\zeta(\rho+\delta)\zeta(1-\rho+\overline{\delta})$ in the region $-\frac{a}{\log T} \leq \Re \delta \leq \frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{\log T}$, $|\Im \delta|\ll…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Ramūnas Garunkštis , Julija Paliulionytė

The transformations of the sum identities for generalized harmonic and oscillatory numbers, obtained earlier in our recent report [1], enable us to derive the new identities expressed in terms of the corresponding square roots of x. At…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-02-14 R. M. Abrarov , S. M. Abrarov

Let $R(n) = \sum_{a+b=n} \Lambda(a)\Lambda(b)$, where $\Lambda(\cdot)$ is the von Mangoldt function. The function $R(n)$ is often studied in connection with Goldbach's conjecture. On the Riemann hypothesis (RH) it is known that $\sum_{n\leq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-29 Michael J. Mossinghoff , Timothy S. Trudgian

For any $s \in \mathbb{C}$ with $\Re(s)>0$, denote by $\eta_{n-1}(s)$ the $(n-1)^{th}$ partial sum of the Dirichlet series for the eta function $\eta(s)=1-2^{-s}+3^{-s}-\cdots \;$, and by $R_n(s)$ the corresponding remainder. Denoting by…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Luca Ghislanzoni