Related papers: Relations on words

We introduce a hierarchy of fast-growing complexity classes and show its suitability for completeness statements of many non elementary problems. This hierarchy allows the classification of many decision problems with a non-elementary…

We discuss algebraic and combinatorial aspects of the Hamiltonian normal form theory. The main objective is to describe the normal form near a singular point purely in terms of the original Hamiltonian, avoiding the normalization procedure.…

This article contributes to the debate of the meaning of relationalism and background independence, which has remained of interest in theoretical physics from Newton versus Leibniz through to foundational issues for today's leading…

Lexical semantics theories differ in advocating that the meaning of words is represented as an inference graph, a feature mapping or a vector space, thus raising the question: is it the case that one of these approaches is superior to the…

Although much has been said about parallelism in discourse, a formal, computational theory of parallelism structure is still outstanding. In this paper, we present a theory which given two parallel utterances predicts which are the parallel…

We contribute to a recent research program which aims at revisiting the study of the complexity of word problems, a major area of research in combinatorial algebra, through the lens of the theory of computably enumerable equivalence…

A large family of words must contain two words that are similar. We investigate several problems where the measure of similarity is the length of a common subsequence. We construct a family of n^{1/3} permutations on n letters, such that…

This paper have two parts. In the first part we discuss word embeddings. We discuss the need for them, some of the methods to create them, and some of their interesting properties. We also compare them to image embeddings and see how word…

Quantum physics has revealed many interesting formal properties associated with the algebra of two operators, A and B, satisfying the partial commutation relation AB-BA=1. This study surveys the relationships between classical combinatorial…

We prove a number of results on the structure and enumeration of palindromes and antipalindromes. In particular, we study conjugates of palindromes, palindromic pairs, rich words, and the counterparts of these notions for antipalindromes.

We develop a new tool, namely polynomial and linear algebraic methods, for studying systems of word equations. We illustrate its usefulness by giving essentially simpler proofs of several hard problems. At the same time we prove extensions…

We have recently begun a project to develop a more effective and efficient way to marshal inferences from background knowledge to facilitate deep natural language understanding. The meaning of a word is taken to be the entities,…

We define an enumerative function F(n,k,P,m) which is a generalization of binomial coefficients. Special cases of this function are also power function, factorials, rising factorials and falling factorials. The first section of the paper is…

Continued fraction expansions provide a well-established bridge between algebraic properties of numbers and combinatorics on words. In this article, we investigate the algebraicity of $p$-adic numbers whose continued fractions arise from…

We revisit the question of classification of balanced circular words and focus on the case of a ternary alphabet. We propose a $3$-dimensional generalisation of the discrete approximation representation of Christoffel words. By considering…

In this paper, we analyze the density of the Fibonacci word and its derived forms by examining the morphisms associated with each. It offers a comparative analysis of the density of Fibonacci numbers alongside other words derived from…

In 1991 H\'ebrard introduced a factorization of words that turned out to be a powerful tool for the investigation of a word's scattered factors (also known as (scattered) subwords or subsequences). Based on this, first Karandikar and…

Additive composition (Foltz et al, 1998; Landauer and Dumais, 1997; Mitchell and Lapata, 2010) is a widely used method for computing meanings of phrases, which takes the average of vector representations of the constituent words. In this…

Building meaningful representations of noun compounds is not trivial since many of them scarcely appear in the corpus. To that end, composition functions approximate the distributional representation of a noun compound by combining its…

A regular continuant is the denominator $K$ of a terminating regular continued fraction, interpreted as a function of the partial quotients. We regard $K$ as a function defined on the set of all finite words on the alphabet $1<2<3<\dots$…