Related papers: Polynomial Depth, Highness and Lowness for E

Information extraction (IE) aims to produce structured information from an input text, e.g., Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction. Various attempts have been proposed for IE via feature engineering or deep learning. However,…

In direct response to requests for a logico-mathematical test of the conjecture, we formally disprove a recently conjectured artificial intelligence trade-off between epistemic certainty and scope in its published universal hyperbolic…

Exact tight bounds of the complexity of the satisfiability problem for dense modal logics is a difficult question, likely somewhere between $\PSPACE$ and $\EXPSPACE$ depending of the logic under question. For a class of them, called here…

We reveal a complexity chasm, separating the trinomial and tetranomial cases, for solving univariate sparse polynomial equations over certain local fields. First, for any fixed field $K\in\{\mathbb{Q}_2,\mathbb{Q}_3,\mathbb{Q}_5,\ldots\}$,…

We show that every language in NP has a PCP verifier that tosses $O(\log n)$ random coins, has perfect completeness, and a soundness error of at most $1/\text{poly}(n)$, while making at most $O(\text{poly}\log\log n)$ queries into a proof…

We prove a conjecture of Goncharov, which says that any multiple polylogarithm can be expressed via polylogarithms of depth at most half of the weight. We give an explicit formula for this presentation, involving a summation over trees that…

We propose a novel foundational framework for why-not explanations, that is, explanations for why a tuple is missing from a query result. Our why-not explanations leverage concepts from an ontology to provide high-level and meaningful…

Satisfiability of Boolean circuits is among the most known and important problems in theoretical computer science. This problem is NP-complete in general but becomes polynomial time when restricted either to monotone gates or linear gates.…

K. Borsuk in the seventies introduced the notions of capacity and depth of compacta together with some relevant problems. In this paper, first, we introduce the concepts of the (strong) capacity and the (strong) depth of an object in an…

Several variants of linear logic have been proposed to characterize complexity classes in the proofs-as-programs correspondence. Light linear logic (LLL) ensures a polynomial bound on reduction time, and characterizes in this way polynomial…

Suppose we are given an $n$-dimensional order-3 symmetric tensor $T \in (\mathbb{R}^n)^{\otimes 3}$ that is the sum of $r$ random rank-1 terms. The problem of recovering the rank-1 components is possible in principle when $r \lesssim n^2$…

Let $\mathbb{P}= \{P_1, \cdots, P_{k}\in \mathbb{R}[y]\}$ be a collection of polynomials with distinct degrees and zero constant terms. We proved that there exists $\epsilon=\epsilon(\mathbb{P})>0$ such that, for any compact set $E \subset…

This article presents a general solution to the problem of computational complexity. First, it gives a historical introduction to the problem since the revival of the foundational problems of mathematics at the end of the 19th century.…

The last theme of Kolmogorov's mathematics research was algorithmic theory of information, now often called Kolmogorov complexity theory. There are only two main publications of Kolmogorov (1965 and 1968-1969) on this topic. So Kolmogorov's…

We study Polynomial Lawvere logic PL, a logic defined over the Lawvere quantale of extended positive reals with sum as tensor, to which we add multiplication, thereby obtaining a semiring structure. PL is designed for complex quantitative…

Kolmogorov complexity theory is used to tell what the algorithmic informational content of a string is. It is defined as the length of the shortest program that describes the string. We present a programming language that can be used to…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performances across a wide range of tasks. However, the mechanisms by which these models encode tasks of varying complexities remain poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the…

We take a unifying and new approach toward polynomial and trigonometric approximation in an arbitrary number of variables, resulting in a precise and general ready-to-use tool that anyone can easily apply in new situations of interest. The…

We consider set covering problems where the underlying set system satisfies a particular replacement property w.r.t. a given partial order on the elements: Whenever a set is in the set system then a set stemming from it via the replacement…

The rankable and compressible sets have been studied for more than a quarter of a century, ever since Allender [1] and Goldberg and Sipser [6] introduced the formal study of polynomial-time ranking. Yet even after all that time, whether the…