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I show that all FRW models (four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with maximally symmetric space) can be embedded in a flat Minkowski manifold with 5 dimensions. The pseudo Riemannian metric of space-time is induced by the flat…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 M. Lachieze-Rey

Many real world networks are very large and constantly change over time. These dynamic networks exist in various domains such as social networks, traffic networks and biological interactions. To handle large dynamic networks in downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Shima Khoshraftar , Sedigheh Mahdavi , Aijun An , Yonggang Hu , Junfeng Liu

Embedding graphs in continous spaces is a key factor in designing and developing algorithms for automatic information extraction to be applied in diverse tasks (e.g., learning, inferring, predicting). The reliability of graph embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Andrea Marinoni , Pietro Lio' , Alessandro Barp , Christian Jutten , Mark Girolami

We describe an efficient and scalable spherical graph embedding method. The method uses a generalization of the Euclidean stress function for Multi-Dimensional Scaling adapted to spherical space, where geodesic pairwise distances are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Jacob Miller , Vahan Huroyan , Stephen Kobourov

In this paper we generalize single-relation pseudo-Riemannian graph embedding models to multi-relational networks, and show that the typical approach of encoding relations as manifold transformations translates from the Riemannian to the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Saee Paliwal , Angus Brayne , Benedek Fabian , Maciej Wiatrak , Aaron Sim

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a popular technique for mapping a finite metric space into a low-dimensional Euclidean space in a way that best preserves pairwise distances. We overview the theory of classical MDS, along with its…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Henry Adams , Mark Blumstein , Lara Kassab

Metric Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a classical method for generating meaningful (non-linear) low-dimensional embeddings of high-dimensional data. MDS has a long history in the statistics, machine learning, and graph drawing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Erik Demaine , Adam Hesterberg , Frederic Koehler , Jayson Lynch , John Urschel

Computing classical centrality measures such as betweenness and closeness is computationally expensive on large-scale graphs. In this work, we introduce an efficient force layout algorithm that embeds a graph into a low-dimensional space,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Alexander Kolpakov , Igor Rivin

We consider the problem of reconstructing an embedding of a compact connected Riemannian manifold in a Euclidean space up to an almost isometry, given the information on intrinsic distances between points from its ``sufficiently large''…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Nikita Puchkin , Vladimir Spokoiny , Eugene Stepanov , Dario Trevisan

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are powerful frameworks for learning embeddings of graph-structured data. GCNs are traditionally studied through the lens of Euclidean geometry. Recent works find that non-Euclidean Riemannian manifolds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Bo Xiong , Shichao Zhu , Nico Potyka , Shirui Pan , Chuan Zhou , Steffen Staab

The study of symmetries in the realm of manifolds can be approached in two different ways. On one hand, Killing vector fields on a (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold correspond to the directions of local isometries within it. On the other hand,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-09-09 Thales B. S. F. Rodrigues , B. F. Rizzuti

Nontrivial isometric embeddings for flat metrics (i.e., those which are not just planes in the ambient space) can serve as useful tools in the description of gravity in the embedding gravity approach. Such embeddings can additionally be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-21 S. A. Paston , T. I. Zaitseva

Learning low-dimensional numerical representations from symbolic data, e.g., embedding the nodes of a graph into a geometric space, is an important concept in machine learning. While embedding into Euclidean space is common, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Thomas Bläsius , Jean-Pierre von der Heydt , Maximilian Katzmann , Nikolai Maas

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is the act of embedding proximity information about a set of $n$ objects in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. As originally conceived by the psychometric community, MDS was concerned with embedding a fixed set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Michael W. Trosset , Carey E. Priebe

Building upon [1], this study aims to introduce fractal geometry into graph theory, and to establish a potential theoretical foundation for complex networks. Specifically, we employ the method of substitution to create and explore…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Nero Ziyu Li

The graph structure is a commonly used data storage mode, and it turns out that the low-dimensional embedded representation of nodes in the graph is extremely useful in various typical tasks, such as node classification, link prediction ,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xing Li , Wei Wei , Xiangnan Feng , Xue Liu , Zhiming Zheng

We show that there is a fast algorithm that embeds hierarchical structures in three-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. The correlation of data ends up purely encoded in the causal structure. Our model relies solely on oriented token pairs --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Andres Anabalon , Hugo Garces , Julio Oliva , Jose Cifuentes

A simple algebraic global isometric embedding is presented for the nonrotating BTZ black hole and its counterpart of Euclidean signature. The image of the embedding, in Minkowski space of two extra dimensions, is the interection of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-08 Steven Willison

Metric embedding has become a common technique in the design of algorithms. Its applicability is often dependent on how high the embedding's distortion is. For example, embedding finite metric space into trees may require linear distortion…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yair Bartal , Manor Mendel

It is often easier to study pseudo-Riemannian manifolds by presenting them as surfaces in some ambient space. We propose an algorithm for construction of explicit isometric embeddings of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with symmetries into an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-04 A. A. Sheykin , M. V. Markov , S. A. Paston