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This paper investigates how to efficiently and economically deliver offshore energy generated by offshore wind turbines to onshore. Both power cables and hydrogen energy facilities are analyzed. Each method is examined with the associated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-27 Jesus Silva-Rodriguez , Jin Lu , Xingpeng Li

The ongoing global transition towards low-carbon energy has propelled the integration of offshore wind farms, which, when combined with Modular Multilevel Converter-based High-Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) transmission, present unique…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Moisés J. B. B. Davi , Felipe V. Lopes , Vinícius A. Lacerda , Mário Oleskovicz , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

Maximizing the durability and reliability of offshore wind farms is essential for the clean energy transition. In this work, we demonstrate how wave energy converter (WEC) farms can shelter offshore wind farms from cyclic wave loading,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-15 Olivia Vitale , Maha Haji

Cold ironing represents an effective solution to remove air polluting emissions from ports. The high voltage shore connection system is the key enabling facility that allows to provide power from the shore side electrical system to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-05 Fabio D'Agostino , Samuele Grillo , Roberto Infantino , Enrico Pons

This paper proposes a centralized multi-plant reactive power and voltage controller to support voltage control in the interconnected onshore power system. This controller utilizes a hierarchical control structure consisting of a master…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-20 Lin Zhu , Bruno Leonardi , Aboutaleb Haddadi , Sudipta Dutta , Alberto Del Rosso , Victor Paduani , Hossein Hooshyar

The European project SCARLET aims to study and realize a demonstrator of a MVDC (Medium Voltage Direct Current) high-power superconducting cable. This device might be employed to connect offshore wind farms with land, expecting to…

The diode rectifier unit-based high voltage direct current (DRU-HVDC) transmission with grid-forming (GFM) wind turbine is becoming a promising scheme for offshore wind farm(OWF) integration due to its high reliability and low cost. In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Zhekai Li , Kun Han , Xu Cai , Renxin Yang , Haotian Yu , Kepeng Xia , Lulu Liu

Loss allocation of the three different components (conductor, sheaths and armor) of solidly bonded three-core separated lead-sheathed armored cables, frequently employed in offshore wind farms, is challenging due to the lack of accurate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Juan Carlos del-Pino-López , Pedro Cruz-Romero , Luis Carlos Sánchez-Díaz

In this paper, we propose a planning method for large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) electrical collector system (ECS) based on mixed integer linear programming, in which the sizing and siting of offshore substations and the lines between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-20 Xinwei Shen , Sunwei Li , Hongke Li

The rapid growth of offshore wind energy requires accurate modeling of the wind resource, which can be depleted by wind farm wakes. Turbulence dissipation rate governs the accuracy of model predictions of hub-height wind speed and the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Nicola Bodini , Julie K. Lundquist , Anthony Kirincich

One of the main objectives of the smart grid initiative is to enable bulk power transmission over long distance, with reduced transmission losses. Besides the traditional high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission, with the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Abhisek Ukil

Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) system is a promising technology for integration of offshore wind farms (OWFs). However, onshore AC faults on MMC-HVDC reduce the power transfer capability of onshore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Dileep Kumar , Wajiha Shireen

The rapid increase in scale and sophistication of offshore wind (OSW) farms poses a critical challenge related to the cost-effective operation and management of wind energy assets. A defining characteristic of this challenge is the economic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-31 Petros Papadopoulos , Farnaz Fallahi , Murat Yildirim , Ahmed Aziz Ezzat

The integration of large-scale wind farms and large-scale charging stations for electric vehicles with the electricity grids necessitate energy storage support for both technologies. Matching the energy variability of the wind farms with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Fuad Noman , Ammar Al-Kahtani , Vassilios Agelidis , Sieh Kiong Tiong

A novel variable dc-link voltage technique is proposed to reduce the traction losses for electrical drive applications. A 100-unit cascaded multilevel converter is developed to generate the variable dc-link voltage. Experimental measurement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-16 Libo Liu , Boyang Li , Gunther Götting , Yusheng Xiang , Qusay Salem , Muhammad Hamid , Jian Xie

With increasing prevalence of severe natural hazards and the ignition of wildfires by power lines, many power system planners are considering converting overhead lines to underground cables to mitigate risks related to these events. Systems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 David K. Sehloff , Line A. Roald

Multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTHVDC) technology is a promising technology for the offshore wind farm integration, which requires the new control and operation scheme. Therefore, the optimal power flow problem for this system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Yuhao Zhou , Long Zhao , Wei-Jen Lee , Zhenyuan Zhang , Peng Wang

A two-stage stochastic optimization model for the design of the closed-loop cable layout of an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) is presented. The model consists on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) with scenario numeration incorporation to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-30 Juan-Andrés Pérez-Rúa , Sara Lumbreras , Andrés Ramos , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

Offshore wind and wave energy offer high energy density and availability. While offshore wind has matured significantly, wave energy remains costly and under development. Integrating both technologies into a hybrid system can enhance power…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Alaa Ahmed , Maha N. Haji

This paper aims to investigate electric dynamics and improve electric power generation of an isolated wave energy converter that uses a linear permanent magnet generator as the power take-off system, excited by regular or irregular waves.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 LiGuo Wang , MaoFeng Lin , Elisabetta Tedeschi , Jens Engström , Jan Isberg
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