Related papers: On the analysis of tuberculosis studies with inter…

This paper studies inference in randomized controlled trials with multiple treatments, where treatment status is determined according to a "matched tuples" design. Here, by a matched tuples design, we mean an experimental design where units…

Background: A common intercurrent event affecting many trials is when some participants do not begin their assigned treatment. Many trials use a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) approach, whereby participants who do not initiate treatment…

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be considered a deadly human syndemic. In this article, we formulate a model for TB and HIV transmission dynamics. The model considers both TB and acquired immune deficiency…

Understanding how antibiotics inhibit bacteria can help to reduce antibiotic use and hence avoid antimicrobial resistance - yet few theoretical models exist for bacterial growth inhibition by a clinically relevant antibiotic treatment…

When constructing a model to estimate the causal effect of a treatment, it is necessary to control for other factors which may have confounding effects. Because the ignorability assumption is not testable, however, it is usually unclear…

Motivated by an observational study of the effect of hospital ward versus intensive care unit admission on severe sepsis mortality, we develop methods to address two common problems in observational studies: (1) when there is a lack of…

This paper introduces an overidentification test of two alternative assumptions to identify the average treatment effect on the treated in a two-period panel data setting: unconfoundedness and common trends. Under the unconfoundedness…

We focus on causal inference for longitudinal treatments, where units are assigned to treatments at multiple time points, aiming to assess the effect of different treatment sequences on an outcome observed at a final point. A common…

Qualitative interactions occur when a treatment effect or measure of association varies in sign by sub-population. Of particular interest in many biomedical settings are absence/presence qualitative interactions, which occur when an effect…

We provide guidance on multiple imputation of missing at random treatments in observational studies. Specifically, analysts should account for both covariates and outcomes, i.e., not just use propensity scores, when imputing the missing…

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the main public health challenges in Burundi. The literature lacks mathematical models for key parameter estimates of TB transmission dynamics in Burundi. In this paper, the supectible-exposed-infected-recovered…

Evidence-informed policy on infections requires estimates of their effects on health. However, pathogenic variation, whereby occurrence of adverse outcomes depends on the infecting strain, might complicate the study of many infectious…

We investigate large-sample properties of treatment effect estimators under unknown interference in randomized experiments. The inferential target is a generalization of the average treatment effect estimand that marginalizes over potential…

Patients often discontinue treatment in a clinical trial because their health condition is not improving. Consequently, the patients still in the study at the end of the trial have better health outcomes on average than the initial patient…

In many experimental or quasi-experimental studies, outcomes of interest are only observed for subjects who select (or are selected) to engage in the activity generating the outcome. Outcome data is thus endogenously missing for units who…

Suppose one wishes to estimate the effect of a binary treatment on a binary endpoint conditional on a post-randomization quantity in a counterfactual world in which all subjects received treatment. It is generally difficult to identify this…

This paper presents a newly developed mobile application designed to diagnose Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) using the Mantoux Skin Test (TST). Traditional TST methods often suffer from low follow-up return rates, patient discomfort,…

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease which is one of the leading causes of death, globally. The general diagnosis methods for tuberculosis include microscopic examination, tuberculin skin test, culture method, enzyme linked immunosorbent…

I introduce a general, Fisher-style randomization testing framework to conduct nearly exact inference about the lack of effect of a binary treatment in the presence of very few, large clusters when the treatment effect is identified across…

This document provides the statistical analytic plan (SAP) for evaluating health outcomes in Phase 1 of the SEARCH-IPT Study, a cluster randomized trial to evaluate whether a multicomponent intervention increases uptake of isoniazid (INH)…