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Related papers: Graying the black box: Understanding DQNs

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A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

A number of recent approaches to policy learning in 2D game domains have been successful going directly from raw input images to actions. However when employed in complex 3D environments, they typically suffer from challenges related to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Shehroze Bhatti , Alban Desmaison , Ondrej Miksik , Nantas Nardelli , N. Siddharth , Philip H. S. Torr

Transformers are neural network models that utilize multiple layers of self-attention heads and have exhibited enormous potential in natural language processing tasks. Meanwhile, there have been efforts to adapt transformers to visual tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Li Meng , Morten Goodwin , Anis Yazidi , Paal Engelstad

With the help of special neuromorphic hardware, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are expected to realize artificial intelligence (AI) with less energy consumption. It provides a promising energy-efficient way for realistic control tasks by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ding Chen , Peixi Peng , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

In the past few years, deep reinforcement learning has been proven to solve problems which have complex states like video games or board games. The next step of intelligent agents would be able to generalize between tasks, and using prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Shu-Hsuan Hsu , I-Chao Shen , Bing-Yu Chen

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown its ability in solving complicated problems directly from high-dimensional observations. However, in end-to-end settings, Reinforcement Learning algorithms are not sample-efficient and requires long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Nicolò Botteghi , Mannes Poel , Beril Sirmacek , Christoph Brune

Reinforcement learning is concerned with identifying reward-maximizing behaviour policies in environments that are initially unknown. State-of-the-art reinforcement learning approaches, such as deep Q-networks, are model-free and learn to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Felix Leibfried , Nate Kushman , Katja Hofmann

Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) is a successful way which combines reinforcement learning with deep neural networks and leads to a widespread application of reinforcement learning. One challenging problem when applying DQN or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Zhe Zhang , Yukun Zou , Junjie Lai , Qing Xu

The paper considers a class of multi-agent Markov decision processes (MDPs), in which the network agents respond differently (as manifested by the instantaneous one-stage random costs) to a global controlled state and the control actions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-04 Soummya Kar , Jose' M. F. Moura , H. Vincent Poor

The use of target networks is a common practice in deep reinforcement learning for stabilizing the training; however, theoretical understanding of this technique is still limited. In this paper, we study the so-called periodic Q-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Donghwan Lee , Niao He

We present a novel statistical approach to incorporating uncertainty awareness in model-free distributional reinforcement learning involving quantile regression-based deep Q networks. The proposed algorithm, $\textit{Calibrated Evidential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Alex Christopher Stutts , Danilo Erricolo , Theja Tulabandhula , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods that incorporate deep neural networks (DNN), though powerful, often lack transparency. Their black-box characteristic hinders interpretability and reduces trustworthiness, particularly in critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Konrad Nowosadko , Franco Ruggeri , Ahmad Terra

Despite the empirical success of the deep Q network (DQN) reinforcement learning algorithm and its variants, DQN is still not well understood and it does not guarantee convergence. In this work, we show that DQN can indeed diverge and cease…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Zhikang T. Wang , Masahito Ueda

In this paper, we formulate the adaptive learning problem---the problem of how to find an individualized learning plan (called policy) that chooses the most appropriate learning materials based on learner's latent traits---faced in adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Xiao Li , Hanchen Xu , Jinming Zhang , Hua-hua Chang

Reinforcement learning studies how an agent should interact with an environment to maximize its cumulative reward. A standard way to study this question abstractly is to ask how many samples an agent needs from the environment to learn an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Daochen Wang , Aarthi Sundaram , Robin Kothari , Ashish Kapoor , Martin Roetteler

Many real-world problems come with action spaces represented as feature vectors. Although high-dimensional control is a largely unsolved problem, there has recently been progress for modest dimensionalities. Here we report on a successful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-17 Peter Sunehag , Richard Evans , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Yori Zwols , Daniel Visentin , Ben Coppin

We present the first deep learning model to successfully learn control policies directly from high-dimensional sensory input using reinforcement learning. The model is a convolutional neural network, trained with a variant of Q-learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-20 Volodymyr Mnih , Koray Kavukcuoglu , David Silver , Alex Graves , Ioannis Antonoglou , Daan Wierstra , Martin Riedmiller

Deep Q-learning is investigated as an end-to-end solution to estimate the optimal strategies for acting on time series input. Experiments are conducted on two idealized trading games. 1) Univariate: the only input is a wave-like price time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Xiang Gao

Learning a disentangled representation of the latent space has become one of the most fundamental problems studied in computer vision. Recently, many Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown promising results in generating high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Kumar Shubham , Gopalakrishnan Venkatesh , Reijul Sachdev , Akshi , Dinesh Babu Jayagopi , G. Srinivasaraghavan

We consider model-free reinforcement learning for infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a continuous state space and unknown transition kernel, when only a single sample path under an arbitrary policy of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie