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Down regulation of mRNA translation is an important problem in various bio-medical domains ranging from developing effective medicines for tumors and for viral diseases to developing attenuated virus strains that can be used for…
Translation is a crucial step in gene expression. During translation, macromolecules called ribosomes "read" the mRNA strand in a sequential manner and produce a corresponding protein. Translation is known to consume most of the cell's…
The ribosome flow model (RFM) is a phenomenological model for the unidirectional flow of particles along a 1D chain of $n$ sites. The RFM has been extensively used to study the dynamics of ribosome flow along a single mRNA molecule during…
The ribosome flow model (RFM) is a phenomenological model for the flow of particles along a 1D chain of $n$ sites. It has been extensively used to study ribosome flow along the mRNA molecule during translation. When the transition rates…
During mRNA translation, several ribosomes attach to the same mRNA molecule simultaneously translating it into a protein. This pipelining increases the protein production rate. A natural and important question is what ribosomal density…
Translation is an important process for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to produce necessary proteins for cell growth. Numerious experiments have been performed to explore the translational properties. Diverse models have also been…
The rate of mRNA translation depends on the initiation, elongation, and termination rates of ribosomes along the mRNA. These rates depend on many "local" factors like the abundance of free ribosomes and tRNA molecules in the vicinity of the…
Translation is an important stage in gene expression. During this stage, macro-molecules called ribosomes travel along the mRNA strand linking amino-acids together in a specific order to create a functioning protein. An important question…
The Ribosome Flow Model (RFM) describes the unidirectional movement of interacting particles along a one-dimensional chain of sites. As a site becomes fuller, the effective entry rate into this site decreases. The RFM has been used to model…
Gene translation is the process in which intracellular macro-molecules, called ribosomes, decode genetic information in the mRNA chain into the corresponding proteins. Gene translation includes several steps. During the elongation step,…
Translation of mRNA into protein is a fundamental yet complex biological process with multiple factors that can potentially affect its efficiency. Here, we study a stochastic model describing the traffic flow of ribosomes along the mRNA…
Large-scale simultaneous mRNA translation and the resulting competition for the available ribosomes has important implications to the cell's functioning and evolution. Developing a better understanding of the intricate correlations between…
The ribosome flow model with input and output (RFMIO) is a deterministic dynamical system that has been used to study the flow of ribosomes during mRNA translation. The RFMIO and its variants encapsulate important properties that are…
We develop a stochastic model for the programmed frameshift of ribosomes synthesizing a protein while moving along a mRNA template. Normally the reading frame of a ribosome decodes successive triplets of nucleotides on the mRNA in a…
Translation of proteins is a fundamental part of gene expression that is mediated by ribosomes. As ribosomes significantly contribute to both cellular mass and energy consumption, achieving efficient management of the ribosome population is…
We study a deterministic mechanistic model for the flow of ribosomes along the mRNA molecule, called the ribosome flow model with extended objects (RFMEO). This model encapsulates many realistic features of translation including…
The ribosome flow model on a ring (RFMR) is a deterministic model for translation of a circularized mRNA. We derive a new spectral representation for the optimal steady-state production rate and the corresponding optimal steady-state…
Protein synthesis rates are determined, at the translational level, by properties of the transcript's sequence. The efficiency of an mRNA can be tuned by varying the ribosome binding sites controlling the recruitment of the ribosomes, or…
Protein molecules in cells are synthesized by macromolecular machines called ribosomes. According to recent experimental data, we reduce the complexity of the ribosome and propose a model to express its activity in six main states. Using…
The ribosome is one of the largest and most complex macromolecular machines in living cells. It polymerizes a protein in a step-by-step manner as directed by the corresponding nucleotide sequence on the template messenger RNA (mRNA) and…