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A spanning tree of a graph $G$ is a connected acyclic spanning subgraph of $G$. We consider enumeration of spanning trees when $G$ is a $2$-tree, meaning that $G$ is obtained from one edge by iteratively adding a vertex whose neighborhood…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-21 P. Renjith , N. Sadagopan , Douglas B. West

We propose a general approach to the description of spectra of complex networks. For the spectra of networks with uncorrelated vertices (and a local tree-like structure), exact equations are derived. These equations are generalized to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. N. Dorogovtsev , A. V. Goltsev , J. F. F. Mendes , A. N. Samukhin

We study the number of connected spanning subgraphs $f_{d,b}(n)$ on the generalized Sierpinski gasket $SG_{d,b}(n)$ at stage $n$ with dimension $d$ equal to two, three and four for $b=2$, and layer $b$ equal to three and four for $d=2$. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-12-12 Shu-Chiuan Chang , Lung-Chi Chen

We generalize the uniform spanning tree to construct a family of determinantal measures on essential spanning forests on periodic planar graphs in which every component tree is bi-infinite. Like the uniform spanning tree, these measures…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-14 Richard Kenyon

In order to clarify the statistical features of complex networks, the spectral density of adjacency matrices has often been investigated. Adopting a static model introduced by Goh, Kahng and Kim, we analyse the spectral density of complex…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Taro Nagao , G. J. Rodgers

We extend the notion of consecutive pattern avoidance to considering sums over all permutations where each term is a product of weights depending on each consecutive pattern of a fixed length. We study the problem of finding the asymptotics…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Richard Ehrenborg , JiYoon Jung

We construct a one-parameter family of Laplacians on the Sierpinski Gasket that are symmetric and self-similar for the 9-map iterated function system obtained by iterating the standard 3-map iterated function system. Our main result is the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Sizhen Fang , Dylan A. King , Eun Bi Lee , Robert S. Strichartz

The connection between the maximum spanning tree in a directed graph and the best dependency tree of a sentence has been exploited by the NLP community. However, for many dependency parsing schemes, an important detail of this approach is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Ran Zmigrod , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell

In the spanning-tree congestion problem ($\mathsf{STC}$), we are given a graph $G$, and the objective is to compute a spanning tree of $G$ that minimizes the maximum edge congestion. While $\mathsf{STC}$ is known to be $\mathbb{NP}$-hard,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sunny Atalig , Marek Chrobak , Christoph Dürr , Petr Kolman , Huong Luu , Jiří Sgall , Gregory Zhu

We provide asymptotic formulae for the numbers of bipartite graphs with given degree sequence, and of loopless digraphs with given in- and out-degree sequences, for a wide range of parameters. Our results cover medium range densities and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Anita Liebenau , Nick Wormald

In 1989, Zehavi and Itai conjectured that every $k$-connected graph contains $k$ independent spanning trees rooted at any prescribed vertex $r$. That is, for each vertex $v$, the unique $r$-$v$ paths within these $k$ spanning trees are…

We prove two estimates for the expectation of the exponential of a complex function of a random permutation or subset. Using this theory, we find asymptotic expressions for the expected number of copies and induced copies of a given graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Catherine Greenhill , Mikhail Isaev , Brendan D. McKay

We study completely independent spanning trees (CIST), \textit{i.e.}, trees that are both edge-disjoint and internally vertex-disjoint, in split graphs. We establish a correspondence between the existence of CIST in a split graph and some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Mohammed Lalou , Nader Mbarek , Abdallah Skender , Olivier Togni

A relaxed $k$-ary tree is an ordered directed acyclic graph with a unique source and sink in which every node has out-degree $k$. These objects arise in the compression of trees in which some repeated subtrees are factored and repeated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-15 Manosij Ghosh Dastidar , Michael Wallner

We present examples of rooted tree graphs for which the Laplacian has singular continuous spectral measures. For some of these examples we further establish fractional Hausdorff dimensions. The singular continuous components, in these…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-11 Jonathan Breuer

After the discovery of Khovanov homology, which categorifies the Jones polynomial, an analogous categorification of the chromatic polynomial, known as chromatic homology, was introduced. Its graded Euler characteristic recovers the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Aninda Banerjee , Apratim Chakraborty , Swarup Kumar Das , Pravakar Paul

We study the structure of the asymptotic expansion of the probability that a combinatorial object is connected. We show that the coefficients appearing in those asymptotics are integers and can be interpreted as the counting sequences of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Thierry Monteil , Khaydar Nurligareev

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of subtrees and the subtree density for a sequence of trees that converges in the Benjamini-Schramm sense. Benjamini-Schramm convergence, also called local weak convergence,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Stijn Cambie , Stephan Wagner , Ruoyu Wang

In this paper, we study some spanning trees with bounded degree and leaf degree from eigenvalues. For any integer $k\geq2$, a $k$-tree is a spanning tree in which every vertex has degree no more than $k$. Let $T$ be a spanning tree of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-29 Chang Liu , Jianping Li

Exact eigendecomposition of large matrices is very expensive, and it is practically impossible to compute exact eigenvalues. Instead, one may set a more modest goal of approaching the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues, recovering…