Related papers: Unrestricted State Complexity of Binary Operations…
For fast computation of the Arnold complexity of length $2^{n}$ binary words we obtain an upper bound for the Shannon function $Sh(n)$
Imposing an extensional uniformity condition on a non-uniform circuit complexity class C means simply intersecting C with a uniform class L. By contrast, the usual intensional uniformity conditions require that a resource-bounded machine be…
This paper concerns $\mu$-limit sets of cellular automata: sets of configurations made of words whose probability to appear does not vanish with time, starting from an initial $\mu$-random configuration. More precisely, we investigate the…
Ulam words are binary words defined recursively as follows: the length-$1$ Ulam words are $0$ and $1$, and a binary word of length $n$ is Ulam if and only if it is expressible uniquely as a concatenation of two shorter, distinct Ulam words.…
We investigate the worst-case state complexity of reversals of deterministic finite automata with output (DFAOs). In these automata, each state is assigned some output value, rather than simply being labelled final or non-final. This…
In a typical regular expression (regex) crossword puzzle, you are given two nonempty lists $R_1,\ldots,R_m$ and $C_1,\ldots,C_n$ of regular expressions over some alphabet, and your goal is to fill in an $m\times n$ grid with letters from…
The (Mahler-Popken) complexity $\| n \|$ of a natural number $n$ is the smallest number of ones that can be used via combinations of multiplication and addition to express $n$, with parentheses arranged in such a way so as to form legal…
The binary value function, or BinVal, has appeared in several studies in theory of evolutionary computation as one of the extreme examples of linear pseudo-Boolean functions. Its unbiased black-box complexity was previously shown to be at…
We study the computational complexity of various problems related to synchronization of weakly acyclic automata, a subclass of widely studied aperiodic automata. We provide upper and lower bounds on the length of a shortest word…
We show that the expected value for the linear complexity of $m$-multisequences of length $n$ is E_n^{(m)} = n m/(m+1) + O(1).
We investigate the descriptional complexity of operations on semilinear sets. Roughly speaking, a semilinear set is the finite union of linear sets, which are built by constant and period vectors. The interesting parameters of a semilinear…
Across languages, numeral systems vary widely in how they construct and combine numbers. While humans consistently learn to navigate this diversity, large language models (LLMs) struggle with linguistic-mathematical puzzles involving…
The logarithm of the number of binary n-variable bent functions is asymptotically less than $11(2^n)/32$ as n tends to infinity. Keywords: boolean function, Walsh--Hadamard transform, plateaued function, bent function, upper bound
A strong entanglement monotone, which never increases under local operations and classical communications (LOCC), restricts quantum entanglement manipulation more strongly than the usual monotone since the usual one does not increase on…
Pretrained multilingual language models are often assumed to be script-agnostic, yet their tokenizers can impose systematic costs on certain writing systems. We quantify this script tax by comparing two orthographic variants with identical…
We completely (that is, up to a logarithmic factor) characterize the bounded-error quantum communication complexity of every predicate $f(x,y)$ depending only on $|x\cap y|$ ($x,y\subseteq [n]$). Namely, for a predicate $D$ on…
We revisit the complexity of procedures on SFAs (such as intersection, emptiness, etc.) and analyze them according to the measures we find suitable for symbolic automata: the number of states, the maximal number of transitions exiting a…
For a word $S$, let $f(S)$ be the largest integer $m$ such that there are two disjoints identical (scattered) subwords of length $m$. Let $f(n, \Sigma) = \min \{f(S): S \text{is of length} n, \text{over alphabet} \Sigma \}$. Here, it is…
Recent works have shown that tokenisation is NP-complete. However, these works assume tokenisation is applied to inputs with unboundedly large alphabets -- an unrealistic assumption, given that in practice tokenisers operate over fixed-size…
Commutative properties in formal languages pose problems at the frontier of computer science, computational linguistics and computational group theory. A prominent problem of this kind is the position of the language $O_n$, the language…